Gallatin History Museum Quarterly Autumn 2010 by Gallatin History Museum

$4.95 USD

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly AUTUM N, 2010 Â·

VOL .

Table of Contents

33, NO . 4

3-9

From The Pioneer Museum

Tree Army in the Gallatin

Cover:Bridge over West Gallatin River. .-CCC Scrapbook, GHS Archives

QUARTERLY EDITORS: 2WPV :][[MTT 4WQ[ )LIU[ )VV *]\\MZÃ&#x2026;MTL Byron & Kay McAllister. Issues of the Pioneer Museum Quarterly are mailed to all members of the Gallatin Historical Society. The Pioneer Museum Quarterly is published four times a year by the /ITTI\QV 0Q[\WZQKIT ;WKQM\a I VWV XZWÃ&#x2026;\ K WZOIVQbI\QWV dedicated to the preservation and promotion of the history of southwest Montana and Gallatin County. The Gallatin Historical Society operates the Pioneer Museum at ?M[\ 5IQV ;\ZMM\ QV *WbMUIV 5WV\IVI <PM U][M]U Q[ WXMV L]ZQVO \PM _QV\MZ NZWU I U \W X U <]M[LIa \PZW]OP ;I\]ZLIa ;]UUMZ PW]Z[ 5MUWZQIT ,Ia Â· 4IJWZ ,Ia IZM 5WVLIa \PZW]OP ;I\]ZLIa I U \W X U )LUQ[[QWV Q[ 5MUJMZ[ IVL KPQTLZMV ]VLMZ IZM ILUQ\\ML NZMM GALLATIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY & PIONEER MUSEUM OFFICERS: John Russell, Executive Director )VV *]\\MZÃ&#x2026;MTL )[[Q[\IV\ ,QZMK\WZ Rachel Phillips, Research Coordinator DIRECTORS: Carolyn Manley, President 5QTTa /]\SW[SQ ;MKZM\IZa Â&#x152; 8MOOa *QMSMZ\ <ZMI[]ZMZ 8I\ *ZW_VMTT Â&#x152; :WJQV +PWI\M Â&#x152; ?QTTQIU /ZIJW_ ,QI 2WPV[WV Â&#x152; 2 ,I^QL 8MV_MTT Â&#x152; <WLL :MQMZ

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

Notes from the Museum Entering the Digital Age Letters to Gallatin Historical |Society Donations to the Museum In the Bookstore Memberships, Memorials & Donations

By John C. Russell

Jack Gorman: The Horse Thief who saved Major Bakerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Command By Dave E. Eckroth

Sharps Carbines at the Battle of Poker Flat *a ,W]OTI[ + 5K+PZQ[\QIV

Pages From The Past Â¹/TMIVQVO[Âº NZWU Ja OWVM I]\]UV[

Hey, Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s that thing over there?

Manhattan Malting Company - Developer of the Gallatin Valley

By Byron McAllister

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Pioneer Museum Image Gallery .ITT IK\Q^Q\QM[ QV ;? 5WV\IVI 0IZ^M[\QVO 0]V\QVO .WW\JITT

EMERITAE: /ZIKM *I\M[ Â&#x152; -[\PMZ 6MT[WV Â&#x152; 4W] )VV ?M[\TISM VOLUNTEERS: 4WQ[ )LIU[ Ã&#x2C6; *MKSa )LIU[WV Ã&#x2C6; 0MTMV *IKSTQV Ã&#x2C6; 8MOOa *QMSMZ\ Ellie Bowles Â· Richard Brown Â· Pat Brownell Â· Hali Camper :WJQV +PWI\M Ã&#x2C6; /QTM[ +WSMTM\ Ã&#x2C6; ;ITTa +WSMTM\ Ã&#x2C6; 0IZZQM\ ,M ?Q\\M 2IV -TTQW\\ Ã&#x2C6; ?QTTQIU /ZIJW_ Ã&#x2C6; 5QTTa /]\SW[SQ Ã&#x2C6; :QKPIZL 0M]KS 5IZa ,MTT 0QM\ITI Ã&#x2C6; 2IVM\ 0WLO[WV Ã&#x2C6; 1^a 0]V\[UIV Ã&#x2C6; ;SaM 0]V\[UIV ,QI 2WPV[WV Ã&#x2C6; 6IWUQ 8IKM 2WPV[WV Ã&#x2C6; 4IQV 3Ia 5QKPMTTM 3IbMUQVMRIL Ã&#x2C6; +IZWTQVM 3WZMRSW Ã&#x2C6; 5MZMLQ\P 4M_Q[ Ã&#x2C6; 2IV 5IKS Ã&#x2C6; +IZWTaV 5IVTMa Byron McAllister Â· Kay McAllister Francie McLean Â· Ruth Metcalf 5IZS 5QTTMZ Ã&#x2C6; 6QKS 6QKSMT[WV ,I^QL 8MV_MTT Ã&#x2C6; <WLL :MQMZ Ã&#x2C6; ,MM ;MQ\MT ?QTJ]Z ;XZQVO Ã&#x2C6; /TMVV ?MTKP Ã&#x2C6; :]\P ?MTKP Ã&#x2C6; 5IZKQI ?WWLTIVL *QTT ?ZQOP\Ã&#x2C6; -LQ\P ?ZQOP\

3 4 5 6 7 8-9

In Their Own Words Seth Bohart

From the Pioneer Museum

Remember Us + 0 ;174 '56#6' 2.# 0 0+ 0) r *'.2 75 $7+.& 6*' '0&19/'06 ) +8' 704'564+%6'& )+(65 (14 # 0 07#. 12'4 #6+ 0) 5722146

Become a Member.

Hours

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Volunteer Your Time.

General Admission:

Tour guiding, research, museum bookstore, publications, cataloging, displays, articles.

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Notes from the Museum: Taking the Show on the Road ?PI\ LW aW] LW _PMV aW] ZMKMQ^M JW`M[ IVL JW`M[ IVL JW`M[ IVL JW`M[ WN [TQLM[ IVL XPW\W[ \ISMV Ja *WbMUIV XPW\WOZIXPMZ 5I` 0]VSM' <PM U][M]U _I[ \PZQTTML \W ZMKMQ^M []KP I OMVMZW][ LWVI\QWV NZWU ,]VKIV 5K6IJ J]\ U]KP WZOIVQbI\QWV _I[ VMMLML 7VM WN W]Z UIVa ^IT]ML ^WT]V\MMZ[ 2IV 5IKS JMOIV \W KI\MOWZQbM \PM [TQLM[ WV Tuesday mornings. Soon, several of the other Tuesday volunteers were looking at the slides and commenting on the J]QTLQVO[ IVL XMWXTM .ZWU \PM[M KI[]IT MVKW]V\MZ[ IV QLMI NWZ IV W]\ZMIKP XZWOZIU JMOIV ?Pa VW\ WZOIVQbM \PM[M XPW\W[ QV\W [TQLM \ZIa[ IVL \ISM \PMU W]\ \W \PM *WbMUIV [MVQWZ KWUU]VQ\a' ;W VW_ 2IV ITWVO _Q\P 0IZZQM\ ,M?Q\\M and Marcia Woodland, take their slide show â&#x20AC;&#x153;on the road.â&#x20AC;? It is not a formal presentation. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s looking at a family ITJ]U *WbMUIVÂź[ _Q\P M^MZaWVM QV \PM I]LQMVKM OQ^QVO \PM KWUUMV\IZa <PM ^WT]V\MMZ[ PI^M MVRWaML \PM KWUUMV\[ \PM QV\MZIK\QWV IVL UW[\ WN ITT \PM [\WZQM[ NZWU \PM I]LQMVKM[ )VL \PM I]LQMVKM[ IZM _PWTM PMIZ\MLTa RWQVQVO QV _Q\P their personal memories. So far, the volunteers are scheduled for eight presentations.

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

' 06'4+0) 6*' & +)+6#. #)' Pioneer Museum receives grant to preserve photograph collection The Pioneer Museum has been awarded a Museums for America grant from the federal Institute of Museum and 4QJZIZa ;MZ^QKM[ 154; <PM \_W aMIZ OZIV\ _QTT allow the museum to create a digital catalogue of its historic photograph collection. â&#x20AC;&#x153;This is great news for our preservation efforts,â&#x20AC;? [IQL 8QWVMMZ 5][M]U ,QZMK\WZ 2WPV :][[MTT Âš6W_ _M KIV purchase the equipment needed to scan the photographs and enter pertinent information on each into a database. This assures the preservation of each photograph and easier accessibility for future generations.â&#x20AC;? The Pioneer Museumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s photo collection consists of QUIOM[ LMITQVO _Q\P \PM PQ[\WZa WN /ITTI\QV +W]V\a [W]\P_M[\ 5WV\IVI IVL AMTTW_[\WVM 6I\QWVIT 8IZS <PMa range from landscape scenes, family photos, plus early XQK\]ZM[ WN MIKP KWUU]VQ\a QV \PM IZMI QVKT]LQVO *WbMUIV <PM OZIV\ Q[ MIZUIZSML [\ZQK\Ta NWZ \PM LQOQ\QbI\QWV of the photographic collection. It does little to alleviate the regular day-to-day costs of operating the museum. Museums for America is the largest grant program \PI\ 154; WNNMZ[ \W U][M]U[ <PQ[ aMIZ ITWVM Q\ XZW^QLML UWZM \PIV ! UQTTQWV QV OZIV\[ \W []XXWZ\ \PM ZWTM WN museums in American society to sustain cultural heritage, to support lifelong learning, and to be centers of community engagement. Âš.]VLML XZWRMK\[ []XXWZ\ LQOQ\QbI\QWV IVL KWTTMK\QWV[ management plans, enhanced accessibility, environmental TQ\MZIKa IVL U]KP UWZM Âş [IQL 154; )K\QVO ,QZMK\WZ 5IZ[PI 4 ;MUUMT Âš<PM _WZS WN \PM[M QV[\Q\]\QWV[ _QTT ML]KI\M IVL QV[XQZM KQ\QbMV[ WN ITT IOM[ 1V ILLQ\QWV \W MY]QXUMV\ \PM OZIV\ IT[W Ă&#x2026;VIVKM[ \PM salary for an additional employee. In August, the museum PQZML 2IKWJ :]JW_ _PW _QTT I[[Q[\ :M[MIZKP +WWZLQVI\WZ :IKPMT 8PQTTQX[ QV W^MZ[MMQVO \PM XZWRMK\ 2IKWJ ZMKMQ^ML PQ[ 5I[\MZ WN )Z\[ NZWU 5WV\IVI ;\I\M =VQ^MZ[Q\a TI[\ 2]VM ?PQTM I\ 5;= PM _WZSML I[ I \MIKPQVO I[[Q[\IV\ IVL ZM[MIZKPMZ 1V ! 2IKWJ _I[ I[ IV QV\MZV I\ \PM AMTTW_[\WVM Park Heritage and Research Center in Gardiner, where he scanned and photographed artifacts and helped update various catalogue records. â&#x20AC;&#x153;In order for us to be successful, we will need help NZWU \PM KWUU]VQ\a Âˇ XMWXTM _QTTQVO \W ^WT]V\MMZ R][\ I NM_

Jacob Rubow, who has a Master of Arts in History from MSU, will assist in the digitization project. hours each week to scan photographs and, eventually, help MV\MZ QVNWZUI\QWV WV MIKP Âş [IQL :][[MTT Âš.WZ \PW[M _Q\P I curiosity about our history and heritage, this is a great way to get an up-close look.â&#x20AC;? If you would like to volunteer time to help the U][M]U []KKM[[N]TTa KWUXTM\M \PQ[ XZWRMK\ XTMI[M KWV\IK\ MQ\PMZ 2WPV :][[MTT WZ )VV *]\\MZĂ&#x2026;MTL I\ \PM U][M]U

The Pioneer Museum extends a huge Thank You and cordially welcomes the following individuals who have signed on as volunteers for the IMLS Digitization project: 2IV *IZJMZ Â&#x152; ,QIVM *MMUI Â&#x152; ,I^QL ,Q/QIKWUW Â&#x152; 5IZTI /WWLUIV Â&#x152; )Ua /ZMMV Â&#x152; 8MOOa 0]UXPZMa Â&#x152; :]\P 3WXMK +PMZaT 5I\\PM_[ Â&#x152; ,IVQMT 5K/]QZM Â&#x152; 3ZQ[\MV 6M_UIV 5IZOQM 8M\MZ[WV Â&#x152; )TMS[Q :IXSQV Â&#x152; 3IZMV :MVVM>QKSQM ;MPa 3I\M ;QTSMZ Â&#x152; :][\a ;_QVOTM Â&#x152; 3I\Pa <PWUX[WV Rick Thompson

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

Letters to the Gallatin Historical Society ;MX\MUJMZ ,MIZ 5Z :][[MTT" My family is proud of what you folks have done NWZ \PM XZM[MZ^I\QWV WN /ITTI\QV +W]V\a PQ[\WZa )VL 1 MVRWa every word of your Quarterly publication. But I would like to make a well-intended comment ZMOIZLQVO \PM ][M WN [XMKQÅK \MZU[ QV aW]Z ;IXXQVO\WV article. You mentioned that he bought a small “band” of KI\\TM QV 7ZMOWV 0W_M^MZ aW] VM^MZ ZMNMZ KI\\TM I[ I JIVL · \PI\ \MZU Q[ ZM[MZ^ML NWZ KWUXM\QVO KZQ\\MZ[ KITTML [PMMX Cattle are always known as a herd or bunch, and reckon other names, but not band. Also, I’d like to point out that if cattle are purebreds/registered, their lineage is documented and likely have superior qualities above other cattle. But if they are not registered, they are grade cattle or other terms, but technically are not referred to as “ordinary” by any [\WKSUIV IT\PW]OP \PMa ^MZa _MTT UQOP\ JM I tell you this because your writing represents 5WV\IVI PQ[\WZa \W \PM ÅVM[\ LMOZMM _PQKP N]\]ZM generations are going to take as gospel, and you want to make sure that it is correct. )K\]ITTa 1 PI^M JMMV \PM <ZMI[]ZMZ WN W]Z 4M_Q[ and Clark Historical County Society since Harriett Meloy and I started it years ago. I really wish that we could begin to emulate what the GHS and museum has accomplished. It is slow going without a building. *a \PM _Ia Ua NIUQTa KIUM \W \PM /ITTI\QV >ITTMa QV \PM ¼[ \W ;XZQVOPQTT NZWU *IVVIKS IVL >QZOQVQI +Q\a IVL still own the same land there. Warmest Regards, -Richard E. Wall

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

Items Donated to the Pioneer Museum ,7.; 5'26'/$'4 Richrd Brown - 5*16)7 0 %.'# 0+ 0) 41& %# Lucille Campbell - # /'4+%# 0 . ')+10 #7:+.+# 4; 5%4 # 2$11- #.) 241)4 # /5 0# 2-+ 05 Harry Child - /10 6# 0# 2 +10''45 6*' *7 0 6.'; % *+.&5 &'# 0 (# /+.+'5 Helen Connolly - / '/14+'5 1( 6+ /$'4.+ 0' $; ,15'2*+ 0' * # 48'; ;17 0) 6+ /$'4.+ 0' 2*161 # .$7/ . Jerry & Yvonne Coopmans - 61; 56'# / 41..'4 .# 2612 5'%4'6# 4; Betty Creecy - ) # ..#6+ 0 .7/$'4 % 1 # 2410 Pat Donehoo - 2156%# 4&5 (# /+.; 2*1615 %.+22+ 0)5 .'6 6'4 %# 44+'4 Richard Dysart # +5 (14 # .&4+&)' $; 4 +%*# 4& &;5# 46 & 14+5 9*+6*14 0 $11- + 0&': Joseph Hauseman 59''6 2 '# 5%4 # 2$11- 619 0 ('56+8# . 241)4 # / (4'& 9+..510 2*161 Susan Lane Heahlke - . # 0' 5 %*11. % +6; / '#6 / # 4-'6 2*1615 Maggie Heisick - ;'..195610' 2# 4- ,'45'; &# +4; 2*1615 *1.; 415# 4; $74+# . %# 4&5 .+%'05' 2.#6' 2+ 0 # 0& -'; 4+ 0)

Mary Dell Hietala - * +5614; 1( 56#6' *175'-''2'45 5 1%+'6; * +5614; 1( /10 6# 0# ( 1465 $; / # 4; & 1# 0'

Deb Jackson 5+: 6''0 1.& 6': 6 $11-5 Naomi Johnson p* +5614; 1( (.;+ 0) & 4 # 0%* q $; # ..'0 6*# 4)418' Mark Lakey - 2 *161 1( ;02 &4+8'4 # $ ,1* 0510 Jan Mack 1 0' *7 0&4'& %12+'5 1( p9'56'4 0 (1.- # 46 q 2156%# 4& $11-5 . Harold Moss family - 5#%- 56+6%*'4 $'% 610 & +%-+ 0510 % 1/+%- ('8'4 176(+6 Jessie Nelson 0#6+10# . 9# 4 / '/14+# . 2156'4 p# 56#)' +5 + 0 q 2156'4 (41/ 8+4)+ 0+# % +6; Ted Newman - 5'8'0 p$+) 5-; % '.'$4 #6+10 % '0 6'0 0+# .q $76 6105 Vanona Olsen - $ 11-5 / #)# <+ 0'5 24+ 0 65 ) # ..#6+ 0 % 17 0 6; * '4+6#)' $11- 8# 010# 1 .5'0 o5 9'&&+ 0) 5%4 # 2$11-

Bonnie Recktenwald $ 1<'/ # 0 % *410+%.' 0'952# 2'45 # 0#%10&# 56# 0&# 4& 0'952# 2'45 Jim Reid / +:+ 0) $19. (1746''0 2156%# 4&5 John Stendel - 5#7 0&'45 5614' 6+4' 5'48+%' %# .'0&# 4 Kevin & Pam Thane - 2 '0 0; 2156%# 4&5 %# . Glenn Welch - 9'&&+ 0) 21464 # +6 / # 44+#)' %'46+(+%#6' # 0& 9'&&+ 0) &4'55 (41/ / # 44+#)' 1( 56'..# 014&37+56 . '' 9'.%* %1/ /'/14 #6+8' %1+ 0 5# 0+6# 4; / # 4-'6 $7%-' t.

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

In the Bookstore Visit the Pioneer Museum Bookstore, or

Advertise in the next

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print and mail in the on-line order form at

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The Pioneer Museum Quarterly is a publication that focuses on the history of Gallatin County & southwest Montana. Article topics span the region, ranging from the pioneer era to contemporary times. Many articles from past issues were used in last year’s highly successful Montana Historian. Each quarterly also updates the reader on events at the Pioneer Museum of Bozeman, as well as other local historical societies.

Distribution

2500 print run - All area schools, libraries, 1300 members within 90 mile radius and local newsracks.

To Advertise in the Fall Issue, email

ReyAdvertising@Q.com or call 406.539.1010 Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

Memberships, Memorials & Donations - Continued 9' 6*# 0- 6*15' /'/$'45 9*1 4'0'9'& 14 ,1+ 0'& &74+0) 6*' /106*5 1( ,7.; #7)756 5 '26'/$'4 General

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The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

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Thank You 61 #.. 1( 174 )'0'4175 /'/$'45 &10145 IF YOU NOTICE ERRORS IN OUR MEMORIAL LISTING, PLEASE CALL JOHN RUSSELL AT 522-8122. <PM UMUWZQIT[ UMUJMZ[PQX[ IVL LWVI\QWV[ TQ[\ML WV \PM[M XIOM[ ZMÃ&#x2020;MK\ XIaUMV\[ UILM WVTa L]ZQVO \PM XZM^QW][ Y]IZ\MZ 1N aW]Z KPMKS Q[ LI\ML 7K\WJMZ WZ TI\MZ \PMV IKSVW_TMLOMUMV\ _QTT IXXMIZ QV \PM VM`\ Q[[]M WN <PM 8QWVMMZ 5][M]U 9]IZ\MZTa +I[P WZ KZMLQ\ KIZL XIaUMV\[ ZMKMQ^ML 7K\WJMZ WZ TI\MZ _QTT IT[W IXXMIZ QV \PM VM`\ Q[[]M

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Memorials

Dick Boylan** 2WaKM ;IVLY]Q[\

Cleo Burton* )VV *]\\MZÃ&#x2026;MTL 2ISM 3Ia +ITTIV\QVM .ZIVS >MZI 5 ,M0IIV 8I\ZQKS ,WVMPWW ?IaVM 4MWVI /QJ[WV .ZMLMZQKS 2IVM\ 0WLO[WV *MZVQM *WVVQM 3WJM\[Sa ,W]O 5IZQTMM 4IVOWPZ ,ITTIKM 5WWZM ,QKS +IZWTaV 5WZOIV *IZJIZI :WJMZ\ 8I]OP ,WZQ[ ;IVLY]Q[\ Wilbur Spring 5IZQTaV :IVLa >QKSPIUUMZ 5IJTM ?MTb 0IZWTL 8I\ 0ITT

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Marty Ayres* Artcraft Printers George Barclay* Helen Arts 8PQT 2MIV 3MM\MZ 2WaKM ;IVLY]Q[\ Gene Black ?IT\MZ : ;PQZTMa ;ITM[ John Boe ?IT\MZ : ;PQZTMa ;ITM[

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William Davis* Mark Gilleland ?IT\MZ : ;PQZTMa ;ITM[ 2IKS :Q\I ?PQ\M

Bob Braun 5QKPIMT 2]La 0IUUWVL

Robert Dunbar* ,WZQ[ ?IZL

Bud Burkhart* ,Z :WJ 5aMZ[ 2WaKM ;IVLY]Q[\

Georgia Eiriksson 8PQT 2MIV 3MM\MZ

Harold Fryslie /MVM *IZJIZI *ZWWS[ 2WaKM ;IVLY]Q[\

Gray Family* 4TWaL ;IVLa 5IPMZ Willis Griswold* ;\M^M ;PIZWV )Z\[ Mary Burkhart )VV *]\\MZÃ&#x2026;MTL 0]X ,I^Q[ ,IV .QOOQV[ .IUQTa 8I\ZQKS ,WVMPWW ?IaVM 5IZKQI -L[ITT /ZQbÂ¼[ 8QVWKPTM *]LLQM[ *MV -\PMT 0IV[WV -ZUI 3]ZS +IZWTaV 2WM 5IVTMa *aZWV 3Ia 5K)TTQ[\MZ :Wa +IZWT 5M\KITN :WJMZ\ )TQKM 5QTTMZ -UUI 5WVZWM ,MTWZM[ 5WZ\WV ,Z :WJ 5aMZ[ 4IVM\\M 8MZSQV[ 3IZQ +PZQ[ ?ITSMZ 2WPV 8MOOa :][[MTT ?IT\MZ : ;PQZTMa ;ITM[ Wilbur Spring *QTT 8I\ZQKQI <PWUI[ Glenn and Ruth Welch 5IJTM ?MTb /MWZOM 6IVKa ?WWL Marian Groff ?IT\MZ : ;PQZTMa ;ITM[

Jack Jaffe ,I^QL 8MZT[\MQV

Carolyn Rogers* 2WaKM ;IVLY]Q[\

Lois Johnson Helen Arts

Marylin Roys** *ZQLOMZ 0MI\QVO +WWTQVO 2WaKM ;IVLY]Q[\

E. Fred Kessler** 2WaKM ;IVLY]Q[\

Linda Kraft* >I]OPV 4I^QVI +PILJW]ZVM 5IZOIZM\ 3ZIN\ 4TWaL ;IVLa 5IPMZ ,MVVa 2IV <PWUX[WV 2QU +PIZTMVM <W_V[MVL

Lynn Lewis 8PQT 2MIV 3MM\MZ

Robert & Barbara Lowney* 8I\ZQKQI -VOJZM\[WV

Jean McReynolds* >MZVWV 4W] )VV ?M[\TISM Harold Mueller 8I\ZQKS ,WVMPWW 3MVVM\P ,WVVI 5K+]TTWKP

Helen Mueller 8I\ZQKS ,WVMPWW 3MVVM\P ,WVVI 5K+]TTWKP

Bob Ellerd** 2WaKM ;IVLY]Q[\ Gary Hoffman 8I\ZQKS ,WVMPWW

+( ;17 016+%' ERRORS IN OUR MEMORIAL LISTINGS, 2.'#5' %#.. ,1*0 4755'.. #6

Marian Hollenback >I]OPV 4I^QVI +PILJW]ZVM 4MM 0IQV

Bob Ryen )TQKM :Ia 0I]OTIVL

,WV ;KWNÃ&#x2026;MTL )TQKM :Ia 0I]OTIVL

Ray Tocci* ?IaVM 5IZKQI -L[ITT ?IT\MZ : ;PQZTMa ;ITM[

John Vandaveer Wilbur Spring

Fred Videon** ?QTTQIU - /ZIJW_ ;PIM 2MNN 8M\MZ <PWUX[WV

Ray White** 2WaKM ;IVLY]Q[\

Shirley White** 2WaKM ;IVLY]Q[\ Barbara Zink ?IaVM 4MWVI /QJ[WV

Anna Lee Purdy* ?IaVM 5IZKQI -L[ITT ?IT\MZ : ;PQZTMa ;ITM[ >WTVMa ? ;\MMTM ,WZQ[ :QLOM_Ia Connie Westlake

Al Huntsman** 2IKY]MTaV -LMV[

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

Tree Army in the gallatin $; ,1*0 % 4755'..

Civilian Conservation Corpsmen from Squaw Creek Camp F-57, on detached service along the Madison River, 1935. -CCC Scrapbook, -GHS Archives

T PM ! ZL +WUXIVa PIL WZLMZ[ \W TMI^M 5Q[[W]TI

Service advisors and supervisors, and then by one hundred

1\ _I[ 2]Ta ! WVTa \_W LIa[ IN\MZ \PM ! ZL PIL JMMV

seventy recruits, mostly from Carbon and Musselshell Coun-

WZOIVQbML _Q\P .QZ[\ 4QM]\MVIV\ 2W[MXP ,M^MZQKP KWUUIVL-

\QM[ <PM ! ZL OW\ \W _WZS J]QTLQVO I \_MT^M UQTM TWVO IK-

QVO WNÃ&#x2026;KMZ IVL ;MKWVL 4QM]\MVIV\ 0W_IZL <PWUI[WV [MKWVL

KM[[ ZWIL ITWVO +TQNN 4ISM <PMa IT[W J]QT\ \PM :IVOMZ ;\I\QWV

QV KWUUIVL )[ [WWV I[ \PMQZ WZLMZ[ _MZM K]\ ,M^MZQKP

7NÃ&#x2026;KM QV ?M[\ AMTTW_[\WVM

and Thomason selected a mess sergeant and twenty civilian

MUXTWaMM[ TWKIT WTLMZ UMV KITTML Â¹4MU[Âº TWILML NW]Z IZUa

+WZX[ I SMa[\WVM QV 8ZM[QLMV\ .ZIVSTQV :WW[M^MT\Â¼[ Â¹6M_

trucks with equipment and supplies, and headed for West Yel-

,MIT Âº ) aMIZ MIZTQMZ _PMV :WW[M^MT\ PIL JMMV [_WZV QV\W

lowstone.

WNÃ&#x2026;KM \PM /ZMI\ ,MXZM[[QWV PIL ITZMILa QLTML \_MV\a Ã&#x2026;^M

Indeed, this was an army unit, but not one supplied

<PM ! ZL _I[ XIZ\ WN \PM +Q^QTQIV +WV[MZ^I\QWV

percent of Americaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s workforce. Industrial production had

_Q\P ZQÃ&#x2020;M[ OZMVILM[ WZ UWZ\IZ[ 1V[\MIL \PMa KIZZQML XQKS[

dropped by nearly half. Millions were homeless. As banks

shovels, and other implements that would help them construct

IKZW[[ \PM KW]V\Za KTW[ML WZOIVQbML KZQUM OZM_ 1V PQ[ KIU-

ZWIL[ JZQLOM[ IVL J]QTLQVO[ =XWV \PMQZ IZZQ^IT I\ *I[QV

paign against incumbent Herbert Hoover, Roosevelt promised

+IUX ,. \PM [UITT KWV\QVOMV\ _I[ RWQVML Ja .WZM[\Za

a dramatic reduction in government spending, an end to

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

]VVMMLML WNĂ&#x2026;KM[ IVL KWUUQ[[QWV[ IVL I [W]VL K]ZZMVKa 0Q[ UM[[IOM ZM[WVI\ML 1V 6W^MUJMZ ! PM ZMKMQ^ML Ă&#x2026;N\a [M^MV percent of the vote and carried all but six states.

)N\MZ PQ[ QVI]O]ZI\QWV WV 5IZKP ! :WW[M^MT\

set out to give immediate relief and put the unemployed back to work. Among his earliest proposals during â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Hundred ,Ia[Âş _I[ \PM -UMZOMVKa +WV[MZ^I\QWV ?WZS )K\ 1\[ IQU was to recruit thousands of unemployed young men and enroll them in a peacetime army, one that would â&#x20AC;&#x153;attackâ&#x20AC;? destruction and erosion of the nationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural resources. Rooseveltâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sense of urgency persuaded quick action by Congress.

CCC members begin work on the Squaw Creek Bridge over the West Gallatin River in 1935. - CCC Scrapbook, GHS Archives

<PM TMOQ[TI\QWV QV\ZWL]KML WV 5IZKP \WWS WVTa NW]Z LIa[ to reach his desk, where it was immediately signed into law. 7VTa \PQZ\a [M^MV LIa[ MTIX[ML NZWU :WW[M^MT\Âź[ WI\P WN WNĂ&#x2026;KM \W \PM QVL]K\QWV WN \PM XZWOZIUÂź[ Ă&#x2026;Z[\ MVZWTTMM

:WJMZ\ .MKPVMZ I ]VQWV ^QKM XZM[QLMV\ _I[ IX-

XWQV\ML 6I\QWVIT ,QZMK\WZ WN \PM -+? WN _PQKP \PM +Q^QTQIV Conservation Corps, or CCC, was a branch. Administered by \PM )ZUa )OZQK]T\]ZM 1V\MZQWZ IVL 4IJWZ LMXIZ\UMV\[ \PM +++ ZMKZ]Q\ML UMV JM\_MMV \PM IOM[ WN IVL _PW _MZM ]VMUXTWaML IVL [QVOTM <PMa IT[W PIL \W JM = ; KQ\QbMV[ QV good physical condition, willing to sign on for a minimum of [Q` UWV\P[ 8Ia _I[ I UWV\P XT][ ZWWU JWIZL IVL I

Bridge takes shape, late Summer, 1935. - CCC Scrapbook, GHS Archives

KTW\PQVO ITTW_IVKM 0W_M^MZ MIKP UIV PIL \W [MVL WN his monthly paycheck back home to help his family. Camps were established in each state, as well as 0I_IQQ )TI[SI 8]MZ\W :QKW IVL \PM >QZOQV 1[TIVL[ *MKI][M UIVa MVZWTTMM[ KIUM NZWU \PM MI[\ Âˇ IVL UW[\ KIUX[ _MZM QV \PM _M[\ Âˇ \PM ?IZ ,MXIZ\UMV\ UWJQTQbML \PM VI\QWVÂź[ \ZIV[portation system to move thousands of these men across the country, an action credited with decreasing the crime rate in +PQKIOW Ja Ă&#x2026;N\a Ă&#x2026;^M XMZKMV\ *a \PM MVL WN ! MVZWTTUMV\ QV \PM +++ XMISML I\ _Q\P UWZM \PIV KIUX[ WXMZI\QVO QV ITT [\I\M[ 6I\Q^M IVL )NZQKIV )UMZQKIV[ _MZM allowed to enroll, though their camps were mostly segregated

The ďŹ nished product. - CCC Scrapbook, GHS Archives

from the whites.

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initially approved for Montana, though by programâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s end

:MOQWV WN \PM +++ OW^MZVML Ja \PM .WZM[\ ;MZ^QKM 1\ IT[W

there were twenty-six.

QVKT]LML 6WZ\P ,ISW\I \PM VWZ\PMZV 1LIPW XIVPIVLTM IVL

a small section of eastern Washington. The Montana, Idaho,

transportation and structural improvements and forest disease

and Washington camps also fell under the administration of

IVL Ă&#x2026;ZM KWV\ZWT )KKM[[ ZWIL[ Ă&#x2026;ZM TIVM[ IVL TWWSW]\[ PIL

<PM _WZS _I[ LMUIVLQVO :MOQWV KWVKMV\ZI\ML WV

\W JM J]QT\ QV \PM JIKSKW]V\Za <PM Âš4MU[Âş \ZIQVML ZMKZ]Q\[ \PM ?IZ ,MXIZ\UMV\Âź[ 6QV\P +WZX[ <_MV\a Ă&#x2026;^M KIUX[ _MZM (continued) Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010 11

CCC Camp F-57 in 1934

Same view in 1975.

- CCC Scrapbook, GHS Archives

-CCC Scrapbook, GHS Archives

paying special attention to those from the east who had never :WW[M^MT\Âź[ Ua ;PMXPMZL 1 [PITT VW\ _IV\ He maketh me to lie down on a straw mattress. He leadeth me inside a mess hall. 0M ZM[\WZM\P Ua RWJ He leadeth me in the paths of reforestation, For his countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sake.

used an axe or shovel nor worked at higher elevations. CCC administrators decided that smaller camps, SVW_V IT[W I[ Âš[XQSMÂş WZ ÂšĂ&#x2020;aÂş KIUX[ KW]TL JM TWKI\ML I_Ia NZWU \PM JI[M KIUX[ \W IKPQM^M OZMI\MZ MNĂ&#x2026;KQMVKa QV TIJWZ IVL \ZIV[XWZ\I\QWV IVL \W XZW^QLM XZWRMK\ LQ^MZ[Q\a 1V \PM NITT WN ! \PM ! ZL _I[ WZLMZML \W M[\IJTQ[P []KP I KIUX

AM[ \PW]OP 1 _ITS \PZW]OP \PM ^ITTMa WN \PM [PILW_[ WN poison oak and ivy, 1 _QTT NMIZ VW M^QT NWZ PM Q[ _Q\P UM 0M XZMXIZM[\ I [I_ IVL I`M JMNWZM UM 1V \PM XZM[MVKM WN Ua KWUUIVLQVO WNĂ&#x2026;KMZ He anointest my mind with discipline.

N]Z\PMZ VWZ\P KTW[MZ \W *WbMUIV ITWVO ;Y]I_ +ZMMS 5MV NZWU KIUX ,. J]QT\ I \_W UQTM TWVO ZWIL NZWU _PMZM \PM Squaw Creek Ranger Station stands to the selected campsite. <PM ZWIL JMKIUM []Q\IJTM NWZ \ZI^MT QV R][\ \MV LIa[ )[ KWV[\Z]K\QWV WN +IUX . QVKT]LQVO I ZM[MZ^WQZ IVL _I\MZ []Xply system, continued over the next three years, recruits slept

5a [PWM[ Z]VVM\P W^MZ NZWU UIZKPQVO ;]ZMTa JMIV[ IVL MUXTWaUMV\ _QTT NWTTW_ UM All the days of Rooseveltâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Administration, )VL 1 [PITT L_MTT QV I \MV\ NWZM^MZ

on straw mattresses in wooden barracks. When the camp was KWUXTM\ML QV ! Q\ PIL I XMIS MVZWTTUMV\ WN

;Y]I_ +ZMMS XTIaML IV IK\Q^M ZWTM QV NWZM[\ Ă&#x2026;ZM XZM-

^MV\QWV IVL KWV\ZWT QV :MOQWV <PMZM _MZM IT[W [\Z]K\]ZIT improvements, including construction of the Squaw Creek

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Ranger Station. But the biggest impact left by this CCC

_I[ \ZIV[NMZZML \W ;Y]I_ +ZMMS QV \PM )]\]UV WN !

Camp would be a large concrete vehicle bridge constructed

Âš<PM XZWRMK\[ I\ ;Y]I_ +ZMMS KWV[Q[\ML WN U]KP KWV[\Z]K-

across the Gallatin River to the Squaw Creek Ranger Station.

tion such as roads and trails, telephone lines, the Gallatin

+WUXTM\ML QV ! \PM [\MMT ZMQVNWZKML JZQLOM PI[ \_W IX-

River Bridge, and the rangerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dwelling. Also, there were

proach spans, twenty-six feet each, a center span of ninety-six

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feet, and a roadway eighteen feet wide.

UWV\P[ Âş ?QTTQIU[ [\IaML _Q\P \PM +++ ]V\QT UQL 6W^MUJMZ

CCC men across the country began calling them-

! _PMV PM TIVLML I KQ^QTQIV RWJ _Q\P \PM = ; .WZM[\

selves â&#x20AC;&#x153;Rooseveltâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Tree Army.â&#x20AC;? They were grateful for the

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_WZS J]\ TQSM \PQ[ IVWVaUW][ UMUJMZ \PMa IT[W MVRWaML I

[WUM \PQZ\a aMIZ[ IVL Ă&#x2026;^M UWV\P[ 1 LQLVÂź\ PI^M I [QVOTM LIaÂź[

TQ\\TM RWK]TIZQ\a W^MZ \PMQZ [Q\]I\QWV"

break in service from the Government. The tenure included,

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

WN KW]Z[M \PM +++ \PMV \PM .WZM[\ ;MZ^QKM )ZUa .MLMZIT

IVL ! IV M[\QUI\ML [MZ^ML QV \PM +Q^QTQIV +WV-

Supply Service, GSA, and Alaska Indian Affairs. This last

[MZ^I\QWV +WZX[ <PMa J]QT\ ! UQTM[ WN \Z]KS ZWIL[ IVL

IOMVKa _I[ \PM WVM NZWU _PQKP 1 ZM\QZML QV ! 5a ÂťKWT-

Ă&#x2026;ZM \W_MZ[ <PMa PMTXML _Q\P Ă&#x2020;WWL KWV\ZWT IVL [XMV\

TMOM ML]KI\QWVÂź _I[ \PI\ WJ\IQVML L]ZQVO \PW[M Ă&#x2026;^M IVL I

UIV LIa[ QV Ă&#x2026;OP\QVO Ă&#x2026;ZM[ <PMa IT[W XTIV\ML KTW[M

half years in the CCC camps.â&#x20AC;?

to three billion trees, many part of an extensive shelterbelt

All CCC camps, including Squaw Creek, offered

system in states ravaged during the dust-bowl era. In Region

an array of evening vocational classes in machine operation,

+++ UMUJMZ[ J]QT\ UWZM \PIV UQTM[ WN NWZM[\ ZWIL[

typing, block printing, woodcarving, etc. Accredited courses

QV[\ITTML [QOV[ UIZSMZ[ IVL UWV]UMV\[ XTIV\ML \ZMM[

from the â&#x20AC;&#x153;illiteracy levelâ&#x20AC;? to the university level were also

WV [WUM IKZM[ [\Z]VO P]VLZML[ WN UQTM[ WN \MTMXPWVM

available. Recruits could complete grade school and high

line, and constructed ninety-three lookout houses while giving

[KPWWT ZMY]QZMUMV\[ Ja []KKM[[N]TTa Ă&#x2026;VQ[PQVO \PM M^MVQVO

_WZSMZ LIa[ Ă&#x2026;OP\QVO NWZM[\ Ă&#x2026;ZM[

courses. Those who completed college-level courses could

MIZV KZMLQ\[ NZWU \PM =VQ^MZ[Q\a WN 5WV\IVI <PM UMV

there was another important legacy left by the CCC. The

RWSQVOTa ZMNMZZML \W +IUX . I[ \PM Âš=VQ^MZ[Q\a WN ;Y]I_

education courses offered in the camps allowed these young

+ZMMS Âş _PMZM QV ! \PMZM _MZM I \W\IT WN \_MV\a \_W

UMV \W XZMXIZM NWZ \PM _WZS NWZKM Âˇ \W PI^M \PM VMMLML [SQTT[

QV[\Z]K\WZ[ \MIKPQVO Ă&#x2026;N\a [M^MV X]XQT[

\W OIZVMZ I OWWL XIaQVO RWJ _PMV \PM MKWVWUa ZMJW]VLML

The vocational skills they learned proved important during

0W_IZL 0IOOMZ\a _PW RWQVML \PM +++ QV !

)[ M^QLMVKML Ja ,MT ?QTTQIU[ IVL 0W_IZL 0IOOMZ\a

and was stationed at Squaw Creek, was not discouraged by

World War II. The grade school, high school, and college

the rugged conditions. â&#x20AC;&#x153;I was maturing and learning,â&#x20AC;? he

courses allowed thousands to obtain diplomas. And an esti-

recalled. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Camp activities were interesting enough to coun-

UI\ML UMV _PW _MZM QTTQ\MZI\M _PMV \PMa RWQVML \PM

\MZIK\ PWUM[QKSVM[[ Âˇ [XWZ\[ ZMK PITT VQOP\ KTI[[M[ \W_V

+++ _MZM IJTM \W ZMIL IVL _ZQ\M Ja \PM \QUM \PMa Ă&#x2026;VQ[PML

\ZQX[ OQZT[ QVNZMY]MV\ _MMSMVL \ZQX[ PWUM P]V\QVO Ă&#x2026;[PQVO Âş

their service.

0IOOMZ\a OIZVMZML MVW]OP M`XMZQMVKM I\ ;Y]I_ +ZMMS Âˇ

Sources:

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+Q^QTQIV +WV[MZ^I\QWV .QTM /+0; )ZKPQ^M[

8MKS ,IU IVL M^MV\]ITTa UIQV\MVIVKM _WZS WV \PM

Âš<PM /ZMMV /]QLWV Âş :MML +IX\ ?QTTQIU 2 MLQ\WZ /+0;

Panama Canal. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m convinced that my CCC experi-

Archives.

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Squaw Creek CCC Camp Scrapbook, GHS Archives.

QUXZW^QVO WN Ua KPIZIK\MZ QV UWV\P[ \PIV NW]Z aMIZ[ WN

___ VX[ OW^ PQ[\WZa PQ[\WZa WVTQVMGJWWS[ KKK KKK KPIX

college could have.â&#x20AC;?

htm

+PIX\MZ ;MI\\TM ?I[PQVO\WV 6)+++) 6M_[ *]TTM\QV

*a ! ! IXXTQKI\QWV[ NWZ \PM +++ JMOIV \W LMKTQVM

:WW[M^MT\Âź[ 4MVL 4MI[M XZWOZIU \W KQ\M R][\ WVM M`IUXTM

6W^MUJMZ ,MKMUJMZ !! 2IV]IZa !!

KZMI\ML RWJ[ QV \PM IZUIUMV\[ QVL][\Za )[ W\PMZ WXXWZ\]VQties in the private sector began to reemerge, the lure of the +++ JMOIV \W _IVM )\ \PM WV[M\ WN ! \PM +WZX PIL LMKTQVML \W MVZWTTMM[ ?Q\P \PM I\\IKS WV 8MIZT Harbor, everyoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attention turned to the war effort. Congress never abolished the CCC. It simply decided not to fund the program. The legacy of the Civilian Conservation Corps remains evident today, thanks to the roads, bridges, dams, and W\PMZ QUXZW^MUMV\[ Q\[ UMUJMZ[ KWV[\Z]K\ML *M\_MMV !

About the Author 2WPV + :][[MTT Q[ I VI\Q^M WN 3IV[I[ +Q\a 5Q[[W]ZQ J]\ PI[ TQ^ML QV 5WV\IVI [QVKM ! 0M OZIL]I\ML NZWU 5WV\IVI ;\I\M =VQ^MZ[Q\a _Q\P I LMOZMM QV PQ[\WZa QV ! 5W[\ WN PQ[ XZWNM[[QWVIT KIZMMZ _I[ [XMV\ QV ZILQW IVL \MTM^Q[QWV RW]ZVITQ[U 0M PI[ [MZ^ML I[ -`MK]\Q^M Director of the Gallatin Historical Society sine 1997.

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

Jack Gorman The Horse Thief Who Saved Major Baker’s Command $; &#8' ' ' %-416*

Troop F, 2nd Cavalry. -- Montana Historical Society, Helena, MT

TPM []UUMZ WN

_I[ I \QUM WN OZMI\ M`KQ\M-

^QKQVQ\a ) NM_ [][XQKQW][ KQ\QbMV[ _MZM QLMV\QÅML I[ XW[[QJTM

UMV\ NWZ \PM KWUU]VQ\a WN *WbMUIV 5WV\IVI <MZZQ\WZa )\

accomplices. Among those who were missing horses was

VMIZJa .WZ\ -TTQ[ 5IRWZ -]OMVM 5 *ISMZ KWUUIVLMZ WN \PM

2IUM[ 0]OPM[ _PW VW\ML \PI\ PM _I[ ¹UQ[[QVO I ^IT]IJTM

VL +I^ITZa _I[ MY]QXXQVO IV M`XMLQ\QWV WN NW]Z KWUXIVQM[

span of mules.” Mr. Hughes determined to make an effort

WN PQ[ VL +I^ITZa IVL NW]Z KWUXIVQM[ WN \PM \P 1VNIV\Za

to reclaim his stock and hired Paul McCormick, who also

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was missing some stock, to accompany him on this endeavor.

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<PM \_W UMV [M\ W]\ \W ÅVL \PM \ZIQT WN \PM \PQM^M[ ;PMZQNN

ÅN\a \MIU[\MZ[ IVL I\ TMI[\ \_MV\a MVOQVMMZ[ _W]TL RWQV IX-

2WPV /]a WN *WbMUIV PW_M^MZ [WWV \WWS KPIZOM WN \PM

XZW`QUI\MTa [WTLQMZ[ NWZ \PQ[ ]XKWUQVO M`XMLQ\QWV

search and the party started out for the Cherry Creek mines

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;]J[MY]MV\Ta *WbMUIV¼[ KWUU]VQ\a [I_ \PM LQ[IX-

pearance of a large number of horses. A gang of horse

\PQM^M[ PIL JMMV IK\Q^M QV \PM /ITTI\QV >ITTMa NWZ Y]Q\M

in the following paragraphs, gives an excellent account of the

some time.

forthcoming engagement between Sheriff Guy’s party and

the gang of horse thieves:

*WbMUIV¼[ )^IV\ +W]ZQMZ WV )]O][\ \P VW\ML \PM

disappearance of twenty or more horses from the immediate

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

<PM )]O][\ \P MLQ\QWV WN \PM )^IV\ +W]ZQMZ I[ [MMV

Mr. Guy and his party came to a place where the thieves

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had camped at the head of Cherry Creek, and on

\IZOM\ [MV\ I VMMLTM O]V JITT QV\W PQ[ JIKS XI[[QVO MV\QZMTa

.ZQLIa UWZVQVO \PMa NWTTW_ML \PM \ZIQT TMILQVO NZWU

\PZW]OP PQU IVL KWUQVO W]\ IJW]\ \PM JZMI[\ 0]OPM[ then ran up and shot him in the head with his revolver.

LQ[\IVKM <PM \ZIQT \PMV LQ^MZOML [W]\PMI[\ \PZW]OP

<PM UIV XZW^ML \W JM 2WPV +WVVWZ _PW PIL JMMV

I KIVaWV LQNÃ&#x2026;K]T\ \W KZW[[ /]aÂ¼[ PWZ[M _PQKP

TWIÃ&#x2026;VO IZW]VL *WbMUIV NWZ \PM TI[\ aMIZ

PM _I[ TMILQVO TW[\ Q\[ NWW\QVO IVL ZWTTML LW_V

The two who had virtually surrendered to Guyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

I XZMKQXQKM IJW]\ NMM\ TWLOQVO IOIQV[\ I

OZW]X ]XWV PMIZQVO \PM Ã&#x2026;ZQVO WN \PM W\PMZ XIZ\a ZIV

\ZMM 8ZW\MK\ML Ja \PM [ILLTM QV Q\[ ZWTTQVO NMI\ \PM

\W_IZL \PM UW]V\IQV IVL \PMV _MZM Ã&#x2026;ZML WV [M^MZIT

PWZ[M _I[ ZMKW^MZML _Q\PW]\ [MZQW][ QVR]Za

times. A shot from Guyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pistol scalped one of them, Billi n gs

\PM KIUX \W_IZL[ \PM 5ILQ[WV >ITTMa Ã&#x2026;^M UQTM[

<PM \PQM^M[ KWV\QV]ML \PMQZ KW]Z[M UW^QVO PQOP

]XWV \PM KIUX WKK]XQML \PM XZM^QW][ VQOP\ Ja \PM PWZ[M

MV\QZMTa []ZZW]VLML IVL JMQVO I[[]ZML \PMa _W]TL VW\

JM P]Z\ QN \PMa []ZZMVLMZML \PM \PQM^M[ OI^M \PMU[MT^M[

NWTTW_ 7V ;]VLIa M^MVQVO /]a IVL PQ[ XIZ\a KIUM

r Co Mc

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eu m,

l Pau

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J]\ VW\ [MZQW][Ta QVR]ZQVO PQU .QVLQVO \PMU[MT^M[

]X <PMa _MZM QLMV\QÃ&#x2026;ML I[ )]O][\][ +ITTIPIV IVL /MWZOM ick ty un +TIZS ITQI[ 8IQ]\M 2IKS +ITTIPIV _I[ I aW]VO UIV _PW[M -Ye o llowstone C

thieves west of Henryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Lake. They also met a party of ranch

XIZMV\[ PIL ZM[QLML QV \PM *WbMUIV IZMI [QVKM \PM Ã&#x2026;Z[\ [M\\TMUMV\ IVL

MZ[ NZWU \PM 5ILQ[WV >ITTMa _PW PIL [MMV IVL KWV^MZ[ML _Q\P \PM JIVL

_MZM PQOPTa ZM[XMK\ML

_PQKP \PM TI\\MZ M[\QUI\ML \W JM I\ TMI[\ NW]Z QV V]UJMZ

+TIZS RWQVML \PM XIZ\a WN W]\TI_[ WV +PMZZa +ZMMS IVL KTIQUML \W PI^M

;PMZQNN /]a \PQVSQVO Q\ XZ]LMV\ \W I\\IKS _Q\P I []XMZQWZ NWZKM [MV\

JMMV MUXTWaML I[ I O]QLM _Q\P \PMQZ XIZ\a -QOP\MMV [\WTMV PWZ[M[ IVL

5K+WZUQKS JIKS \W \PM 5ILQ[WV >ITTMa NWZ ILLQ\QWVIT UMV -TM^MV UMV

U]TM[ _MZM NW]VL QV \PM XW[[M[[QWV WN \PM JIVL <PM \PQM^M[ _MZM IT[W

returned with McCormick. The whole party then proceeded in the direc

_MTT IZUML PI^QVO IJW]\ XW]VL[ WN VMMLTM O]V KIZ\ZQLOM[ IVL _MZM

\QWV WN :ML :WKS IVL WV <]M[LIa IN\MZVWWV I TQ\\TM JMNWZM []VLW_V

_MTT XZW^Q[QWVML )N\MZ JMQVO OWVM NWZ VQVM LIa[ \PM [PMZQNN IVL PQ[ XIZ\a

\PMa KIUM ]XWV \PM \PQM^M[ KIUXML IJW]\ \_MT^M UQTM[ [W]\P_M[\ WN

ZM\]ZVML \W *WbMUIV WV .ZQLIa M^MVQVO _Q\P \PM \_W XZQ[WVMZ[ IVL \PM

Henryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Lake at Red Rock.

stolen stock.

,Q[KW^MZa _I[ ITUW[\ [QU]T\IVMW][ NWZ JW\P [QLM[ /]aÂ¼[ XIZ\a PMTL I This story doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t end with the imprisonment of Cal-

short council of war, and determined to surround the camp. The party _I[ LQ^QLML QV\W \_W [Y]IL[ /]a IVL 0]OPM[ MIKP TML I XWZ\QWV WN \PM

lahan and Clark. Augustus Callahan made his escape from

XW[[M ;PMZQNN /]a OI^M QV[\Z]K\QWV[ \W \ISM \PMU LMIL WZ ITQ^M <PM

\PM *WbMUIV RIQT IVL ZMRWQVML \_W WN PQ[ NMTTW_ W]\TI_[ 2IKS

camp was immediately surrounded and the thieves ordered to surrender.

Gorman and Herbert Williams, who were not encountered

<PZMM WN \PM UW[\ LM[XMZI\M \PQM^M[ IXXZWIKPML 0]OPM[ XIZ\a IVL \_W WN

I\ \PM +PMZZa +ZMMS Ã&#x2026;OP\ <PM \PZMM UMV M[KIXML R][\QKM

\PM W]\TI_[ [\IZ\ML QV \PM LQZMK\QWV WN /]aÂ¼[ OZW]X <PW[M IXXZWIKPQVO

Ja RWQVQVO 5IRWZ *ISMZÂ¼[ AMTTW_[\WVM -`XMLQ\QWV I[ KQ^QTQIV

Sheriff Guyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s party made indications that they desired to surrender. The

employees. This move was an audacious one for Callahan as

\PZMM IXXZWIKPQVO 0]OPM[ _MZM WZLMZML \W PWTL ]X \PMQZ PIVL[ _PQKP \PMa ZMN][ML \W LW ?PMV IJW]\ NWZ\a WZ Ã&#x2026;N\a aIZL[ NZWU 0]OPM[ IVL PQ[ XIZ\a \PM \PQM^M[ ZMUIQVML IZUML IVL ]VKWWXMZI\Q^M 0]OPM[ \ISQVO

8I]T 5K+WZUQKS PQ[ IL^MZ[IZa I\ \PM +PMZZa +ZMMS Ã&#x2026;OP\ _I[ \PM _IOWV UI[\MZ NWZ \PM -`XMLQ\QWV

7V 2]Ta \P \PM -`XMLQ\QWV LMXIZ\ML .WZ\ -TTQ[ IVL

LMTQJMZI\M IQU I\ \PM UW[\ LM[XMZI\M KPIZIK\MZ <PWUI[ 0IZTW_ _PW PIL

[\MMZML IKZW[[ \PM *WbMUIV 8I[[ \W NWTTW_ \PM AMTTW_[\WVM

JMMV ZMKWOVQbML WZLMZML PQ[ UMV \W Ã&#x2026;ZM WV \PM W\PMZ \_W 0]OPM[Â¼ [PW\ PQ\

River easterly toward the mouth of the Powder River. However, as fate would have it, one of these petty

<PWUI[ 0IZTW_ QV \PM PMIZ\ MVLQVO PQ[ KIZMMZ ?QTTQIU 5IZ[P _I[ [PW\ \PZW]OP \PM PMIL IVL [M^MZIT \QUM[ QV \PM JWLa# \PM \PQZL \PQMN \WWS

PWZ[M \PQM^M[ _W]TL [WWV MVL ]X \PM PMZW WN \PM LIa 7V )]-

[PMT\MZ QV I ZI^QVM <PM XIZ\a KWV\QV]ML \W Ã&#x2026;ZM I\ PQU J]\ _Q\PW]\ MNNMK\

O][\ \P \PM AMTTW_[\WVM -`XMLQ\QWV KIUXML WV \PM JIVS[

0M _I[ \ZaQVO \W ZM\]ZV Ã&#x2026;ZM _Q\P PQ[ XQ[\WT J]\ \PM XW[[MÂ¼[ O]VÃ&#x2026;ZM _I[ [W

WN \PM AMTTW_[\WVM :Q^MZ R][\ MI[\ WN XZM[MV\ LIa *QTTQVO[

(continued)

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

5IRWZ *ISMZÂź[ XIZ\a _I[ VW_ QV \MZZQ\WZa \PI\

IVL [I_ _PI\ PM \PW]OP\ I[ I J]VKP WN NMI\PMZ[ UW^QVO IVL

was hotly contested between the Mountain

watched for a second or two found that the feathers had

+ZW_ NZQMVLTa \W \PM = ; IVL VWV ZM[MZ-

IV 1VLQIVÂź[ PMIL QV \PMU 0M KWKSML PQ[ ZM^WT^MZ IVL

^I\QWV ;QW]` 6WZ\PMZV +PMaMVVM IVL

_Q\PW]\ UW^QVO PQ[ JWLa [PW\ \PM 1VLQIV \PZW]OP \PM

6WZ\PMZV )ZIXIPW TML Ja ;Q\\QVO *]TT

head. The report of the pistol awoke the camp and

*TIKS 5WWV IVL +ZIba 0WZ[M <PM[M

\PM 1VLQIV[ KWUUMVKML [PWW\QVO I\ \PM [WTLQMZ[ J]\

non-reservation Indians had recently

[PW\ ^MZa PQOP Â° <PM NIK\ \PI\ 2IKS /WZUIV PIL

made known their threats to give the

XTIKML PQ[ ZQĂ&#x2020;M ]X IOIQV[\ I \ZMM IVL IV 1VLQIV [I_

surveyors plenty of trouble if they

Q\ IVL _I[ KZI_TQVO ]X \W [\MIT Q\ IVL \PI\ /WZUIV

pursued their plans for a railroad line.

_I[ I_ISM I\ \PM \QUM Q[ \PM IKKQLMV\ \PI\ XZWJIJTa

An attack on the expedition by hostile

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Indians may not have been expected, but

I U _Q\PQV \PM KWVĂ&#x2026;VM[ WN I PWZ[M[PWM

tin

7V )]O][\ \P I\ IJW]\ "

lla Ga

_I[ I LMĂ&#x2026;VQ\M XW[[QJQTQ\a

1VLQIV[

Co unty

2oh f f i r r e

shaped slough with the Yellowstone River to their

Gormanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s actions inadvertently awarded him great praise from the company of soldiers who

UILM ]X 5IRWZ *ISMZÂź[ KWUUIVL 0W_M^MZ I XMZ[WVÂź[

backs, a few sentries watched over the military contingent.

past has a way of catching up with him. As with military

2IKS /WZUIV ITMZ\ML \W \PM [W]VL WN I ;QW]` _IZZQWZ MV\MZ-

expeditions past and present, couriers were used to deliver

QVO \PM KIUX XMZQUM\MZ Ă&#x2026;ZML \PM Ă&#x2026;Z[\ [PW\ I\ I ;QW]` [\ZQSQVO

mail and other information to and from the command and

I _IZZQWZ VIUML 8TMV\a 4QKM I\ \PM MVOIOMUMV\ VW_ KITTML

this would prove to be his undoing.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bakerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Battle on the Yellowstone,â&#x20AC;? also known as â&#x20AC;&#x153;The

*I\\TM WN 8WSMZ .TI\[ Âş /WZUIVÂź[ [PW\ SQTTML \PM ;QW]` _IZ-

LMTQ^MZML \W 5IRWZ - 5 *ISMZ Ja I UIQT KW]ZQMZ /]aÂź[ TM\\MZ[

rior and alerted the command to the presence of the large

IUW]V\ML \W IZZM[\ _IZZIV\[ NWZ 2WPV /WZUIV 0MZJMZ\

XIZ\a WN ;QW]` 6WZ\PMZV +PMaMVVM IVL )ZIXIPW _IZZQWZ[

Williams and Augustus Callahan. Clark, the lone prisoner from

Gormanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s shot gave the soldiers time to assemble into or-

\PM +PMZZa +ZMMS Ă&#x2026;OP\ QLMV\QĂ&#x2026;ML \PM UMUJMZ[ WN \PM OIVO IVL

OIVQbML NWZUI\QWV[ _PQKP ]T\QUI\MTa X][PML \PM ;QW]` IVL

\PMQZ QV\MV\QWV[ \W RWQV 5IRWZ *ISMZÂź AMTTW_[\WVM -`XMLQ\QWV

their allies back into the surrounding bluffs.

_I[ UW^QVO \PZW]OP \PM 5][[MT[PMTT >ITTMa WV \PMQZ ZM\]ZV

<PM NWTTW_QVO IKKW]V\ _I[ OQ^MV Ja 2WPV ? 8WV[-

7V )]O][\ ZL ;PMZQNN /]a _ZW\M \_W TM\\MZ[ \W JM

7V ;MX\MUJMZ \P _PQTM 5IRWZ *ISMZÂź[ KWUUIVL

NWZL _PW _I[ I ;MZOMIV\ +W . VL +I^ITZa L]ZQVO \PM

\ZQX \PM KW]ZQMZ NZWU *WbMUIV _I[ UISQVO PQ[ _Ia \W \PM

Ă&#x2026;OP\ IVL X]JTQ[PML QV \PM 5WV\IVI 6M_[XIXMZ )[[WKQI\QWV

column. The courier was attacked by Indians on his way, and

1V[MZ\[ 2]LQ\P *I[QV +W]V\a 8ZM[[ 2]Ta ! 8WV[NWZLÂź[

LM[XQ\M TW[QVO \PM UIRWZQ\a WN \PM UIQT _I[ IJTM \W [IT^IOM I

IKKW]V\ QVLQKI\M[ \PI\ 2IKS /WZUIVÂź[ IK\QWV[ I\ *ISMZÂź[

NM_ TM\\MZ[ IUWVO _PQKP _MZM \PM ZMY]M[\[ NZWU \PM *WbMUIV

Battle on the Yellowstone were not forgotten.

sheriff for the arrest of the horse thieves. Consequently, upon IZZQ^IT I\ \PM KIUX IVL LMTQ^MZa WN \PM _IZZIV\[ \W 5IRWZ

The next day the command moved to the Yellowstone River

Baker, Gorman and the others were promptly apprehended.

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However, as the dark rainy night set in about half-past eight,

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Gorman slipped away from the guard and disappeared in the

UIVL XZW[XMK\WZ[ IVL _WTNMZ[ _PW UILM \PMQZ JML[ IVL [TMX\ W]\[QLM \PM

darkness.

TQVM[ WN \PM O]IZL[ I\ VQOP\ 7VM WN \PM[M 2IKS /WZUIV JMNWZM OWQVO

\W JML XZWXXML PQ[ ZQĂ&#x2020;M ]X IOIQV[\ I \ZMM J]\ PQ[ KIZ\ZQLOM[ IVL ZM^WT^MZ

iff of Gallatin County, was the hero at Bakerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Battle on

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\PM AMTTW_[\WVM /WZUIVÂź[ TQNM NWTTW_QVO PQ[ Ă&#x2020;QOP\ NZWU \PM

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

2IKS /WZUIV \PM PWZ[M \PQMN _IV\ML Ja \PM [PMZ-

5][[MT[PMTT WV \PM VQOP\ WN ;MX\MUJMZ \P ZMUIQV[ I

Ua[\MZa 0M _I[ VW\ \W MVRWa I TWVO M[KIXM NZWU R][\QKM I[

2]Ta !

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he was killed by Assiniboine Indians near Sandy Creek in the [XZQVO WN

4M\\MZ NZWU ;PMZZQNN 2WPV /]a \W 5IRWZ - 5 *ISMZ )]O

:MKWZL[ WN \PM =VQ\ML ;\I\M[ )ZUa +WUUIVL[ ;MTMK\ML 4M\\MZ[ :MKMQ^ML

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/ZW]X ! )VL 4M\\MZ NZWU ;PMZZQNN 2WPV /]a \W 5IRWZ - 5 *ISMZ )]O ' :MKWZL[ WN \PM =VQ\ML ;\I\M[ )ZUa +WUUIVL[ ;MTMK\ML 4M\\MZ[ :MKMQ^ML

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)ZKPQ^M[ :MKWZL /ZW]X ! 7

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0MTMVI 0MZITL 5Ia X KWT " <WXXQVO - ; +PZWVQ

KTM[ WN \PM AMTTW_[\WVM :MXZQV\ 5QVVMIXWTQ[ !

About the Author ,I^QL -KSZW\P Q[ I \MIKPMZ I\ \PM AMTTW_[\WVM )KILMUa VMIZ *QTTQVO[ IVL I UMUJMZ WN \PM 5WV\IVI )ZUa 6I\QWVIT /]IZL ;QVKM PM PI[ _WZSML I[ I KWV\ZIK\ PQ[\WZQIV IVL PI^M I]\PWZML IVL WZ KW I] \PWZML \PZMM PQ[\WZQKIT IZKPMWTWOQKIT ZMXWZ\[ NWZ \PM )UMZQKIV *I\\TMÃ&#x2026;MTL 8ZW\MK\QWV 8ZWOZIU

Major Bakerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Camp on the Yellowstone River. Major J.W. Barlow, Letters from the Secretary of War, 42nd Congress, 3d Session, Ex. Doc. No. 16, (Washington: Jan. 6, 1873) 15

S OURCES 1

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Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

S HARPS CARBINES

#6 6*' $#6 6.' 1( 21-'4 ( .#6 $; & 17).#5 % /% % *4+56+# 0

Meanwhile, the infantry had adopted the single-

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I\ .WZ\ -TTQ[ 5WV\IVI <MZZQ\WZa _ZW\M Âš<PM Ă&#x2026;ZM IZU WN \PM

[PW\ 5WLMT ;XZQVOĂ&#x2026;MTL JZMMKP TWILQVO ZQĂ&#x2020;M Ă&#x2026;ZQVO \PM

Cavalryâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the improved Sharps Carbine. . . I regard as an

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M`KMMLQVOTa [I\Q[NIK\WZa _MIXWV Âş 0M ZMNMZZML \W \PM

XW[[M[[ML OZMI\MZ Ă&#x2026;ZMXW_MZ Q\[ MNNMK\Q^M ZIVOM _I[ TQUQ\ML \W

KITQJMZ 5WLMT

IXXZW`QUI\MTa aIZL[ <PM

carbines that had only

;XZQVOĂ&#x2026;MTL KIZ\ZQLOM KW]TL SQTT

recently arrived at that

at several times that distance.

ZMUW\M XW[\ 7^MZ \PM VM`\

,M[QOV TQUQ\I\QWV[ IT[W UMIV\

four years, those guns were

the Spencer could not be

\W [MM I OZMI\ LMIT WN Ă&#x2026;MTL

UWLQĂ&#x2026;ML \W IKKMX\ \PM TWVOMZ

service, and at least one

KIZ\ZQLOM _PMZMI[ \PM

[QOVQĂ&#x2026;KIV\ 1VLQIV Ă&#x2026;OP\

breech system of the Sharps

_I[ ZMILQTa ILIX\ML :MKWOVQb-

=VQWV KI^ITZa

forces had been armed

ing the Spencerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s limitations,

with a variety of breech

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loading carbines during

contracted with the Sharps

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:QĂ&#x2020;M 5IV]NIK\]ZQVO +WU-

of combat had proven the

pany of Hartford, Connecticut

Spencer and the Sharps

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to be the most dependable

the carbines stored at vari-

and popular designs. It fol-

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lowed that these were the

the Sharps factory converted

principal carbines issued

ITUW[\ KIZJQVM[ L]ZQVO

to the regular army regi-

the next two years.

UMV\[ I[ ZMOQUMV\[ ZMĂ&#x2026;\\ML

for service on the western

4ISW\I ;QW]` IVL *TIKSNMM\

NZWV\QMZ 1V \PM

Indians were preying on white

army issued troops these

settlements in southern Mon-

1V ! JW\P \PM

carbines. The Spencer

These Model 1868 Sharps carbines were in the hands of the 2nd Cavalry on \IVI <MZZQ\WZaÂź[ /ITTI\QV >ITTMa QVKWZXWZI\ML I UIOIbQVM QV the Montana frontier and may have seen action at the Pryorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Creek ďŹ ght, also They also struck at peacefully inclined Crow Indians, whose the butt stock holding seven known as the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Battle of Poker Flat,â&#x20AC;? in 1872. - Photo by Ron Paxton KWXXMZ KI[ML ZQU Ă&#x2026;ZM KIZ\ZQLOM[ <PM [QVOTM [PW\ ;PIZX[ _I[

IOMVKa TIa WV \PM AMTTW_[\WVM :Q^MZ IJW]\ \PQZ\a Ă&#x2026;^M UQTM[

KPIUJMZML NWZ I KITQJMZ KIZ\ZQLOM Q\[ XW_LMZ KPIZOM KI[ML QV

MI[\ WN .WZ\ -TTQ[ *MKI][M .WZ\ -TTQ[ PIL VW KI^ITZa QV OIZZQ[WV \W

linen. The latter was rugged and accurate, but it relied on a percus-

\P_IZ\ \PW[M I\\IKS[ +WUXIVQM[ . / 0 IVL 4 ;MKWVL +I^ITZa

sion cap for ignition, making it comparatively slow to reload.

_MZM LQ[XI\KPML NZWU [\I\QWV[ QV 6MJZI[SI IVL ?aWUQVO <MZZQ\WZa

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

Meanwhile, additional warriors crossed to the north

Within a year after its arrival in Montana, the bat\ITQWV M`KPIVOML Q\[ ;XMVKMZ[ NWZ ;PIZX[ QUXZW^ML

JIVS WN \PM ZQ^MZ I[ ZMQVNWZKMUMV\[ <PM Ă&#x2026;OP\ JMKIUM I TWVO

KIZJQVM[ <_W WN \PW[M KIZJQVM[ MIKP UIZSML Âš +)> +W

range standoff-- the soldiers protected by trees and wagons

Gâ&#x20AC;? on its butt stock, are shown here. While both carbines are

within the slough, while superior numbers of tribesmen

JZIVLML _Q\P \PM [IUM ]VQ\ QZWV WVM JMIZ[ \PM V]UJMZ Âš Âş

WKK]XQML \PM PQOP OZW]VL [WUM aIZL[ I_Ia 6MQ\PMZ [QLM

IVL \PM W\PMZ Âš Âş QVLQKI\QVO \PM V]UJMZ[ WN \PM [WTLQMZ[ QV

could dislodge the other, though a detachment of cavalry-

that troop to whom they were issued.

men charged dismounted up the southwest end of the bluff

It is intriguing to speculate that these carbines ac-

to drive back the nearest warriors threatening the camp. The

KWUXIVQML 5IRWZ -]OMVM 5 *ISMZÂź[ KWUUIVL _PMV Q\

KWUJI\IV\[ M`KPIVOML Ă&#x2026;ZM ]V\QT UQL UWZVQVO _PMV \PM

escorted a party of surveyors laying out the route of the

Indians decided there was no further purpose in continuing

6WZ\PMZV 8IKQĂ&#x2026;K :IQTZWIL IKZW[[ [W]\PMZV 5WV\IVI <MZZQ\WZa

\PM Ă&#x2026;OP\ IVL TMN\ <PM *I\\TM WN 8WSMZ .TI\ I[ Q\ _I[ RWSQVOTa

L]ZQVO \PM []UUMZ WN 1V ILLQ\QWV \W \PM ;MKWVL +I^-

SVW_V IUWVO \PM WNĂ&#x2026;KMZ[ _I[ W^MZ <PM 1VLQIV[ PIL SQTTML

alry, the expedition included four companies of the Seventh

WVM QVNIV\ZaUIV ;MZOMIV\ 2IUM[ 5K+TIZZMV IVL I KQ^QTQIV

Infantry, plus about twenty civilians, making a total force of

and wounded three soldiers. The Indians suffered the loss of

nearly four hundred.

two men killed and perhaps ten wounded.

7V )]O][\ *ISMZÂź[ KWUUIVL _I[ JQ^W]IKSML

)N\MZ \PM 8ZaWZÂź[ +ZMMS Ă&#x2026;OP\ +WUXIVa / ;MKWVL

within an encircling slough along the Yellowstone near the

+I^ITZa KWV\QV]ML \W ][M Q\[ ;PIZX[ KIZJQVM[ I\ .WZ\ -TTQ[ ]V\QT

UW]\P WN 8ZaWZÂź[ +ZMMS )\ IXXZW`QUI\MTa I U I TIZOM _IZ

NITT _PMV Q\ M`KPIVOML \PMU NWZ \PM VM_Ta ILWX\ML

XIZ\a WN 4ISW\I[ IVL +PMaMVVM[ _PW[M TMILMZ[ QVKT]LML ;Q\-

5WLMT ;XZQVOĂ&#x2026;MTL ?M LW VW\ SVW_ PW_ \PM \_W 5WLMT

\QVO *]TT IVL +ZIba 0WZ[M WXMVML Ă&#x2026;ZM WV \PM KIUX <PM 1V-

KIZJQVM[ [PW_V PMZM _MI\PMZML \QUM J]\ \PMa ZMUIQV I

LQIV[Âź XZQUIZa WJRMK\Q^M _I[ \W Z]V WNN \PM [\WKS J]\ IV ITMZ\

tangible link to soldiering in early-day Montana.

civilian lying awake in his blankets observed an approaching warrior and shot him with his revolver. That sparked a fusil-

This article previously appeared in Wild West maga-

lade from Indians concealed among the willows fringing the

zine (Feb. 2009) and is reprinted by permission.

KIUX ) OZW]X WN WNĂ&#x2026;KMZ[ MVRWaQVO IV ITT VQOP\ XWSMZ OIUM in one of the tents burst forth, thinking that the guards had ZM[XWVLML \W I NIT[M ITIZU <PM J]TTM\[ _PQbbQVO XI[\ \PMQZ ears quickly disabused them of that notion and they began [PW]\QVO WZLMZ[ \W WZOIVQbM \PM KWUUIVL The infantry commander dispatched two compa-

About the Author

nies to reinforce the herd guard and help repel the warriors

,W]O 5K+PZQ[\QIV Q[ I ZM\QZML ZM[MIZKP PQ[\WZQIV NWZ \PM 6I\QWVIT 8IZS

attempting to steal the animals. Although the Indians made

;MZ^QKM ,]ZQVO PQ[ aMIZ KIZMMZ PM IT[W [MZ^ML I Ă&#x2026;MTL PQ[\WZQIV IVL

WNN _Q\P \PM JMMN KI\\TM \PM QVNIV\ZaUMV KW]V\MZI\\IKSML R][\

[]XMZQV\MVLMV\ I\ [M^MZIT [Q\M[ I[[WKQI\ML _Q\P \PM 1VLQIV ?IZ[ QVKT]LQVO

in time to prevent them from taking the all-important mules.

.WZ\ ,I^Q[ <M` .WZ\ 4IZIUQM ?aW IVL 4Q\\TM *QOPWZV *I\\TMĂ&#x2026;MTL

Within a few minutes, the cavalrymen were defending the left

0M Q[ \PM I]\PWZ WN [M^MZIT JWWS[ \PM UW[\ ZMKMV\ JMQVO \PM I_IZL

side of the camp, while the rest of the infantry deployed along

_QVVQVO .WZ\ 4IZIUQM" 5QTQ\IZa *I[\QWV WN \PM 0QOP 8TIQV[ )Z\P]Z 0

\PM WXXW[Q\M [QLM <PM ;QW]` M`KPIVOML Ă&#x2026;ZM _Q\P \PM \ZWWX[ ]V\QT IXXZW`QUI\MTa I U _PMV \PM QVNIV\Za Ă&#x2026;ZQVO ^WTTMa[

+TIZS +W ! ,W]O IVL PQ[ _QNM .ZIVKM[ K]ZZMV\Ta TQ^M QV <]K[WV )ZQb

advanced into the timber bordering the slough and drove the warriors out onto the bluffs beyond. Both sides then paused to re-group.

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

Pages From The Past p) .'# 0+ 0)5 q (41/ $; )10' #767/ 05 + 0 $ 1<'/# 0 ) #..#6+ 0 % 1706; <PM *WbMUIV +Q\a ;WKQIT +T]J _I[ WZOIVQbML IJW]\ NW]Z _MMS[ [QVKM IVL meets at least once a week. At each meeting some question of interest is discussed, and an essay hereafter will be read by one of the members. The first will be read by T. B. Gray, -[Y VM`\ ?MLVM[LIa M^MVQVO Hereafter, it will hold its meetings in Ruffner and Warnerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hall. The question for discussion is, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Resolved, that gentlemen should be educated to a greater extent than ladies.â&#x20AC;? All, especially the ladies, are cordially invited to attend. Pick and Plow ,MKMUJMZ !

SIDEWALKS The recent muddy condition of our streets, and the lack of proper sidewalks rendering it almost impossible for a footman to navigate them, should open the eyes of our KQ\QbMV[ \W \PM OZMI\ VMKM[[Q\a WN putting down sidewalks in front of their buildings. A small investment would put excellent sidewalks on Main Street, and there is no better time to do it than during the short pleasant weather that we are yet to have, before king winter asserts supremacy. Avant Courier 7K\WJMZ

A TOWN NUISANCE The long-winded scoundrel, who has been detailed by that Brass Band to toot a first-class horn in a thirdKTI[[ UIVWZ ]VLMZ W]Z _QVLW_ Ja oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;clock every morning, may come to a sudden and miscellaneous end. ?M LWVÂź\ WJRMK\ \W U][QK Âˇ J]\ \W I_ISMV NZWU [_MM\ LZMIU[ WN .TWZQLI on an ice-cold morning in Montana, to be blown smack out of bed and TIVLML WV I [PMM\ WN bQVK Ja \PM snorts of a brass horn three feet long and big around as a barrel, is a little too much for us. We expect to die sometime, but we protest against sudden death from fright, caused by the terrific toots of a badly-blown horn, that sounds TQSM \PM []KKM[[Q^M M`XTW[QWV[ WN barrels of beans. *WbMUIV <QUM[ ,MKMUJMZ !

EXCURSIONISTS RETURNED The last excursion party of the season to Wonderland, consisting WN +IX\ +PMJW]ZO WN \PM .ZMVKP 6I^a 5WV[QM]Z ,M[OMV\QI[ I XZWUQVMV\ XPa[QKQIV WN .ZIVKM IVL 4QM]\ :WJQV[WV = ; ) IVL M[KWZ\ ZM\]ZVML \W .WZ\ -TTQ[ WV ;I\]ZLIa delighted with their trip and the grand sights they were permitted to _Q\VM[[ QV \PM AMTTW_[\WVM 6I\QWVIT 8IZS <PM .ZMVKP OMV\TMUMV IZM unable to express themselves fluently QV -VOTQ[P J]\ I[ \PMa _Q\VM[[ML \PM [XW]\QVO WN 7TL .IQ\PN]T I\ regular intervals, and took in other remarkable phenomena of the great Wonderland, they would manifest their surprise and delight by frequent clapping of their hands. Avant Courier 6W^MUJMZ !

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

2]TQ][ *I[QV[SQ PI[ OWVM MI[\ ostensibly for the purpose of making extensive purchases for the business houses with which he is connected, J]\ Z]UWZ [Ia[ PQ[ XZQUM WJRMK\ Q[ \W _WW IVL _QV I NIQZ 2M_Q[P LIU[MT IVL bring her out to Montana â&#x20AC;&#x153;for better or worse.â&#x20AC;? Avant Courier 7K\WJMZ

Susan & Jack Davis Collection

4Q^QVO[\WV ZMRWQKM[ W^MZ \PM completion of an elegant skating rink, with hardwood floor. At the grand WXMVQVO AIVSMM 2QU _I[ WVM WN \PM floor managers, that is, he managed to come down on the floor on all fours. Avant Courier 6W^MUJMZ !

The city is now cheerfully illuminated at night by twelve large arc lights, WV NWZ\a NWW\ XWTM[ Âˇ \PM VM_ electric light plant having been set permanently in motion through the indomitable energy and perseverance of the officers of the company, 5M[[Z[ 6M^Q\\ IVL *TIKS Avant Courier 6W^MUJMZ !

.ZIVS ;QMP WVM WN \PM XZW[XMZW][ farmers who resides in the vicinity of Belgrade was in the city on Tuesday and took occasion to hunt up the four Hollanders who recently arrived in the city as the advance guard of the colony who are expected to arrive here about the middle of 2IV]IZa VM`\ \W [M\\TM I\ 5IVPI\\IV and its vicinity. Mr. Sieh is the only man whom these gentlemen had so NIZ NW]VL QV *WbMUIV _Q\P _PWU they could converse in their native language, and it is needless to say that several hours were consumed in talking up the far-famed Gallatin ^ITTMa 7VM WN \PM VM_KWUMZ[ who is a harness maker by trade, accompanied Mr. Sieh to his home in the valley, and will soon proceed to Manhattan where he contemplates opening up business. Avant Courier ,MKMUJMZ ! !

NO JURISDICTION The ministers of the churches in *WbMUIV XM\Q\QWVML \PM KQ\a KW]VKQT on Thursday night to adopt some means to prohibit the employment of female musicians in the saloons, _Q\PQV \PM KQ\a TQUQ\[ ,]ZQVO I LQ[K][[QWV WN \PM []JRMK\ )TLMZUIV 0QOP[UQ\P 8ZWPQJQ\QWVQ[\ \PW]OP\ that the saloon was wrong and that women being present could make it no worse. The council informally LMKQLML \PI\ Q\ PIL VW R]ZQ[LQK\QWV and the matter was passed over without action. Avant Courier ,MKMUJMZ !

GHS Archives

7V VM`\ 5WVLIa 7K\WJMZ \PM county clerk will turn over to the county treasurer the tax books for ! <PMV 5Z <ZMI[]ZMZ _QTT I\ once commence sending out his annual reminders, which will make \PM \I`XIaMZÂź[ PMIZ\ WP [W OTIL ' Âť<Q[ \PMV [IQL \I`XIaMZ _QTT NQO]ZM it out that there is some error [WUM_PMZM Âˇ PQ[ \I`M[ KIVVW\ JM \PI\ much, and the â&#x20AC;&#x153;kixâ&#x20AC;? will commence. The books at this writing are not fully balanced, but the total taxes on /ITTI\QVÂź[ \I` JWWS[ NWZ ! _QTT JM IJW]\ Sometimes the tax notices get lost in the mails or otherwise go astray, but failure to receive the customary notice does not relieve the taxpayer WN PQ[ TQIJQTQ\a 6MQ\PMZ LWM[ \PM failure of the treasurer to send the notice render him liable in any way. The sending of the postal tax notice is simply a courtesy of the treasurerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s office and is not required by law. Consequently, if you fail to receive the notice, do not be too sure that the assessor missed you, but call and interview the treasurer. Taxes will JMKWUM LMTQVY]MV\ WV 6W^MUJMZ I\ WÂźKTWKS X U IVL \MV XMZKMV\ penalty will be added to all taxes then remaining unpaid, and other charges will be quickly added. It would, no doubt, please the treasurer for all who will, to â&#x20AC;&#x153;come early and avoid the rush.â&#x20AC;? Avant Courier 7K\WJMZ !

Belgrade presents a busy appearance \PM[M LIa[ 7_QVO \W \PM PQOP XZQKM[ prevailing for grain this year, the farmers are hauling earlier than usual and on all the roads leading to town one can see the grain wagons coming. *WbMUIV +PZWVQKTM 7K\WJMZ !

GIRLS BARRED FROM THE PENNY ARCADE .WTTW_QVO Q\[ W_V TMIL WN ZMNWZU wherein the cabaret was compelled to go, the city council Thursday night XI[[ML IV WZLQVIVKM MNNMK\Q^M QV days from the date of its passage, which prohibits girls or women from loitering or being employed in or about shooting galleries, bowling alleys, pool halls, or amusement places WXMZI\QVO [TW\ UIKPQVM[ QV *WbMUIV The ordinance grew out of the belief of officials that certain places are drawing trade, not by the virtue of the advertised attractions, but by the personal magnetism of its young girl employees. ?MMSTa +W]ZQMZ 7K\WJMZ !

ORGAN TROUBLES WILL BE FIXED <PM OZMI\ ?]ZTQ\bMZ I\ \PM -TTMV Theater has been granted a period of LIa[ QV WZLMZ \W ^QVLQKI\M Q\[MTN WN being a â&#x20AC;&#x153;nuisanceâ&#x20AC;? to the tenants of the building next door west. It is said an understanding has been reached among the litigants of the suit. The defendants have given the plaintiffs assurance that they will do everything in their power to do away with the noise of the organ that so disturbed the tenants next door. They say they

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

of this particular type of rug. This bit of household equipment is a new miracle of Tufton fibers made by 4MM[ How the rug wears will have to be confided by someone with a worried conscience who snatched the carpet from its cement foundation. But QV \PM UMIV\QUM ,WV Q[ JMQVO ;QZ Walter Raleigh-ish and plans again \W X]\ W]\ PQ[ Z]O Â· VW\ M`IK\Ta I welcome note for someone to take it home and test. /ITTI\QV +W]V\a <ZQJ]VM 6W^MUJMZ !

will install sound proof materials in the walls and otherwise make every effort to improve the installation so that the noises will be reduced to a minimum. *WbMUIV ?MMSTa +PZWVQKTM 7K\WJMZ !

HOME EC GIRLS TO STAGE HOBO PARTY <PM 0WUM -KWVWUQK[ +T]J WN Gallatin County High School planned for a Christmas party at their meeting <]M[LIa WN \PQ[ _MMS -IKP UMUJMZ will attend the party dressed in hobo clothing and carrying a knapsack. -IKP WN \PM[M [IKS[ _QTT KWV\IQV [WUM article of food to be given to a needy family. The club voted to buy a new Hamilton Beech mixer. The money that has been made on the clubâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s pie sales this fall is being used in the purchase of this mixer. The club will present the mixer to the high school home economics department at the Christmas party. *WbMUIV +W]ZQMZ ,MKMUJMZ !

CHRISTMAS BOXES FOR SERVICEMEN Service men on trains pausing a NM_ UQV]\M[ QV *WbMUIV L]ZQVO Christmas week will continue WV \PMQZ RW]ZVMa NMMTQVO I TQ\\TM UWZM RWaW][ IVL QUJ]ML _Q\P \PM Christmas spirit. The reason is that each man will receive a Christmas box of goodies from the Gallatin \ZIQV KIV\MMV WN \PM )?>; To make this possible housewives QV *WbMUIV IZM I[SML \W KWWXMZI\M in filling the boxes with homemade goodies. Boxes are now available I\ \PM >QK\WZa [PWX WV ;W]\P *TIKS and this weekend the Girl Scouts IVL +IUX .QZM /QZT[ _QTT OW NZWU house to house distributing empty boxes to women who will promise to fill them. *WbMUIV +W]ZQMZ ,MKMUJMZ !

,WV ,M+W[[M WN \PM /ITTI\QV >ITTMa .]ZVQ\]ZM +W -I[\ 5IQV ;\ still has faith in human beings, at least heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s going to try his rug experiment again. 4I[\ ;I\]ZLIa PM LMKQLML \W X]\ WVM WN PQ[ VM_ !` Z]O[ W]\ WV test. He had it cemented down on the sidewalk in front of his store to prove the wearing characteristics

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

MARVELS OF MODERN MEDICINE AVAILABLE SINCE 1911. very day, we do amazing things at Bozeman Deaconess Hospital that were not even dreamed of just a few years ago. And if history is any indicator that will still be true tomorrow, just as it was true that day in 1911 when our hospital was born

work at day in, day out. One result has been, and continues to be, a level of health care in Gallatin Valley that’s far beyond expectations for a community of our size. Another result is

with the purchase of the old Bozeman Sanitarium. Keeping up with advances in medical technology is an ongoing, challenging task. But it’s one we

Marvels of modern medicine available 24 hours a day.

healthier, happier, longer lives for all of us. The services, procedures, and treatments available at Bozeman Deaconess Hospital over the years have always been marvelous. But if you think that’s something, just wait until tomorrow…

www.bozemandeaconess.org | 585-5000

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

*';

Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s that thing over there? $; $;410 . / % # ..+56'4 All photos courtesy of the author

DZQ^QVO NZWU *]\\M \W *WbMUIV QN aW] IZM VW\ QV U]KP WN I P]ZZa aW] UIa KPWW[M \W TMI^M 1 ! I\ \PM M`Q\ NWZ +IZL_MTT IVL PMIL MI[\ ITWVO 5WV\IVI 0QOP_Ia <PMZM

7VM [WWV XI[[M[ \PM +I^MZV[ \PMU[MT^M[ WZ ZI\PMZ

\PM MV\ZIVKM \W 4M_Q[ IVL +TIZS +I^MZV[ ;\I\M 8IZS 7VM PI[ to go quite a distance up the hill to enter the actual cave.

you will begin to see the several sites that led to the title of this

Â¹+WV\QV]QVO WVÂº ITWVO 5WV\IVI aW]Â¼TT KWUM W]\ I\ <PZMM

essay.

.WZS[ IVL \PMZM XMZPIX[ XI[[QVO ]X \PM KPIVKM \W LZQ^M \W

;WWV aW] ZMIKP I PQ[\WZQKIT UIZSMZ NWZ 4I 0WWL

Trident and its cement plant, you may be tempted to revert

camp, which tells us that an inn and a small hotel were once

JZQMÃ&#x2020;a \W \PM QV\MZ[\I\M

there, along with a camp for CCC members. These workers,

aMIZ[ IOW Q\ [Ia[ UILM UIVa QUXZW^MUMV\[ \W 4M_Q[ IVL

VW\QKQVO I [QbMIJTM WTL KWVKZM\M [\Z]K\]ZM WV \PM PQTT[QLM \W \PM

+TIZS +I^MZV[ 4M[[ \PIV I UQTM JMaWVL \PI\ aW]Â¼TT [MM WV aW]Z TMN\ Q M QV \PM VWZ\P _ITT WN \PM KIVaWV I P]OM PWTM

2][\ [PWZ\ WN \PM 4WOIV M`Q\ aW] KIV PIZLTa UQ[[

right. Hey, whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s that thing there? An old factory, perhaps? A good guess, and partly correct.

which, it would be natural to suppose, somehow relates to the

Caverns. That guess is not entirely false, but the connection

\PMVKM aW] UIa \]ZV WNN I\ \PM 4WOIV M`Q\ ,ZQ^QVO \PZW]OP

Q[VÂ¼\ IV WJ^QW][ WVM 4M\Â¼[ LZQ^M WV

1N aW] LMKQLM \W NWTTW_ Â¹7TL =; Âº MI[\_IZL NZWU

that town, you canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t miss seeing, at left, by the side of the

Moncrete Bins. 24

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

railroad, an aging water tower surely left over from the time _PMV LQM[MT MVOQVM[ PILVÂ¼\ \ISMV W^MZ \ZIQV \ZINÃ&#x2026;K )T[W looking across to the north side of the river, you can see an arrangement of standing concrete structures, pylons of some sort, perhaps, that may, somehow relate to the concrete structures already seen from the highway, though on closer look

PIck up your copy of the montana Historian

\PM ZM[MUJTIVKM Q[ []XMZÃ&#x2026;KQIT ?PI\ IZM \PW[M \PQVO[' <PMa canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t very well form a bridge support, or anything like that, since theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re too high above the water, and since thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s no corresponding support on the south side. Surprisingly, all these things do turn out to relate to each other. Well, more or less, anyhow. .QZ[\ QV \QUM KIUM \PM JQO PWTM QV \PM TQUM[\WVM VMIZ

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of the Caverns at all, but rather a limestone quarry begun QV

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and when he came west knew what to look for in searching NWZ ][MN]T ZWKS 0M TIQL KTIQU \W \_W UQTM[ WN \PM 2MNNMZ[WV KIVaWV IVL WZOIVQbML \PM 2MNNMZ[WV 4QUM[\WVM IVL .T]` Company, selling lime to the smelters of Anaconda and Butte. To get the lime to the smelters, the railroad built a spur line to the area, and Morrison called the settlement where his workMZ[ TQ^ML 4QUM[X]Z .M_ \ZIKM[ ZMUIQV WN \PM \W_V I\ XZM[MV\ but some ties from the railroad are still in the ground.

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to do with the quarry, it does have a place in the tangle of

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ZMTI\QWV[PQX[ JMKI][M IKKWZLQVO \W I TM\\MZ NZWU )TTMV 2WPV 5WZZQ[WV WVM WN ,IVÂ¼[ VMXPM_[ \W PQ[ JZW\PMZ 8M\MZ Q\ _I[ \_W WN \PM[M VMXPM_[ IVL I NM_ 5WZZQ[WV MUXTWaMM[ _PW Ã&#x2026;Z[\ JMOIV \W M`XTWZM \PM KI^M QV ! 1V XIZ\QK]TIZ )TTMV 2WPV VIUM[ PQU[MTN PQ[ JZW\PMZ 2IKS IVL 5WZZQ[WV MUXTWaMM[ 2 , 5IZ\QV .ZML *Z]VLIOM IVL -L ;IOMZ[ I[ \PW[M Ã&#x2026;Z[\ M`XTWZMZ[ 0M IT[W [Ia[ \PM KI^M _I[ Ã&#x2026;Z[\ LQ[KW^MZML Ja I ZIVKPMZ VIUML

now on sale at stores throughout Gallatin County, Park County and Madison County.

;XMZTQVO ;WUM [W]ZKM[ I\\ZQJ]\M Q\[ LQ[KW^MZa \W I KW]XTM WN P]V\MZ[ <PWUI[ ; ?QTTQIU[ IVL *MZ\ 8IVMTT ITZMILa QV ! <PQ[ I]\PWZ SVW_[ VW _Ia \W JM []ZM _PQKP [\WZa Q[ KWZZMK\ )TTIV 2WPV IVL IVW\PMZ WN PQ[ JZW\PMZ[ /MWZOM 5WZZQ[WV QUUMLQI\MTa [PW_ML \PM KI^M \W \PMQZ ]VKTM ,IV _PW Ã&#x2026;TML I claim on it and began to make improvements so that it could

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(continued)

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

Rock Crusher.

Quarry at Limespur.

JM UWZM MI[QTa ^Q[Q\ML .WZ I NMM WN KW]Z[M <PM ZIQTZWIL

etc. The company town where workers lived in the early days

wanted the cave and disputed Morrison’s claim, arguing that

WN \PM XTIV\ _I[ VIUML <ZQLMV\ Ja , ) 5WZZQ[WV PQU[MTN

it was on agricultural land, which it wasn’t, so they lost, and

after toying with such possibilities as “Portland,” and “Ce-

Q\ JMKIUM ¹5WZZQ[WV +I^M º +]ZQW][ ^Q[Q\WZ[ ÆWKSML \W \PM

mentville.” The company went through a number of name

cave, enduring the hardships of cave exploration and recom-

KPIVOM[ IVL VW_ILIa[ ][M[ \PM VIUM WN 0WTVIU 1\¼[ VW_

mending them to their friends. Too, the cave had other uses:

Swiss owned, and, the “Hol-“ part comes from the parent

NWZ [M^MZIT aMIZ[ \PM ;_Q[[ +ZMIUMZa IVL +PMM[M .IK\WZa WN

KWUXIVa 0WTLMZJIVS .QVIVKQMZM /TIZQ[ 4\L \PM ·VIUº

Whitehall aged their blue cheese in Morrison Cave.

NZWU ¹6WZ\P )UMZQKI º

?PMV \PM = ; OW^MZVUMV\ TMIZVML WN \PM KI^M IVL

1V ! ,IV 5WZZQ[WV J]QT\ I NIK\WZa R][\ [W]\P-

voided Morrison’s claim, they sent in CCC workers who add-

_M[\ WN 4WOIV _PQKP XZWL]KML KWVKZM\M XZWL]K\[ QVKT]LQVO

ed to Morrison’s stairways and also created an exit from the

JZQKS[ IZ\QÅKQIT [\WVM JTWKS[ [M_MZ XQXM PWTTW_ XWTM[ NWZ

cave at a lower elevation so that it would no longer be neces-

electric and telegraph lines, and all sorts of other concrete

sary for visitors to climb back up the way they came down

WJRMK\[ 0M KITTML Q\ \PM 5WVKZM\M +WUXIVa IVL KPW[M \PM

inside the cave. However, congress either was low on funds

site because of the presence of suitable raw materials—sand

or was stingy with them, and decided to turn the cave over to

“Surprisingly, all these things do turn out to relate to each other. Well, more or less, anyhow.”

the state of Montana. Somewhere in the process, the name _I[ KPIVOML \W 4M_Q[ IVL +TIZS +I^MZV[ IVL Q\ JMKIUM I [\I\M XIZS ,IV 5WZZQ[WV _I[ UILM K][\WLQIV WN \PM KI^M and eventually was remunerated—but only partly—for the QUXZW^MUMV\[ PM PIL ITZMILa UILM _PMV Q\ _I[ ¹PQ[º KI^M

and gravel with no undesirable impurities—for use as ag-

gregate in the concrete being produced. The factory burned

,WVITL 5WZZQ[WV¼[ MaM NWZ ][MN]T TQUM[\WVM KWV\QV]ML

to function, and along the Missouri a little beyond where the

QV ! _I[ ZMJ]QT\ IVL ZIV ]V\QT [WUM\QUM QV \PM ! ¼[

/ITTI\QV RWQV[ QV PM NW]VL [\WVM \PI\ KW]TL JM ][ML \W UISM

It’s all gone now except for the huge concrete bins that once

Portland cement. The railroad was already nearby, and in

stored the sand and gravel as it was brought in. Those are the

! PM IVL IV MVOQVMMZ NZQMVL NW]VLML _PI\ \PMa KITTML

big cement things one sees on the hillside to the right while

I\ ÅZ[\ \PM *]\\M 8WZ\TIVL +MUMV\ +WUXIVa 4IKS WN N]VL[

LZQ^QVO \W_IZL 4WOIV NZWU \PM _M[\ 1¼U \WTL \PM IZMI Q[ N]TT

ZM[]T\ML QV \PMQZ JZQVOQVO QV I ÅZU KITTML \PM =VQWV +MUMV\

WN PIbIZL[ QVKT]LQVO ZI\\TM[VISM[ [W 1 LQLV¼\ TWWS NWZ ZIQTZWIL

+WUXIVa _Q\P PMILY]IZ\MZ[ VMIZ ,M^QT¼[ ;TQLM QV =\IP

ties, but the railroad had, of course, built a spur line to the

That headquarters location resulted in the cement being

factory.

SVW_V I[ :ML ,M^QT +MUMV\ <PM KMUMV\ XTIV\ PI[ KWV-

tinued operating ever since, furnishing cement even for very

JTM[ J]\ KIV¼\ JM I JZQLOM []XXWZ\ Q[ VW\ L]M \W ,IV 5WZZQ-

TIZOM XZWRMK\[ []KP I[ .WZ\ 8MKS ,IU /ZIVL +W]TMM ,IU

son, but the cement used to build its pylons must surely have

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

.WZ I KPIVOM \PM 4WOIV [\Z]K\]ZM \PI\ [TQOP\Ta ZM[MU-

KWUM NZWU PQ[ <ZQLMV\ _WZS[ 1\ยผ[ _PI\ ZMUIQV[ WN 6MT[WV

.ZIVKQ[ 4 6Q^MV ยน5WVKZM\M +WVKZM\M *TWKS IVL *ZQKS 8TIV\ยบ

;\WZa 2Z ยผ[ ZWKS KZ][PQVO XTIV\ +Z][PML ZWKS XZWL]KML \PMZM

IVL ยน6MT[WV ;\WZa 2Z ยผ[ :WKS +Z][PQVO 8TIV\ I\ 4WOIVยบ QV

_I[ ][ML NWZ M`IUXTM \W UIKILIUQbM \PM )U[\MZLIU 5IV-

5IVPI\\IV 7UVQJ][ ! ! XX ! IVL ZM[X

hattan road, as well as in a number of young Storyโ s building XZWRMK\[ QV \PM *WbMUIV IZMI

,I^QL ) 5QTTMZ +ITT WN \PM 0MIL_I\MZ[ !! XX

.QVITTa \W ร \ \PM 4WOIV _I\MZ \W_MZ QV\W \PM KWU-

XTM` R][\ ZMUMUJMZ \PI\ \PM ZIQTZWIL[ ZIV [X]Z[ \W MIKP WN

,I^QL ) 5QTTMZ ยน0WTVIU 1VK *IKSML Ja ! aMIZ[ WN PQ[-

these interesting spots, that locomotives were then powered

\WZa ยบ QV 5WV\IVI +WV\ZIK\WZ 6M_[ 2]VM

Ja [\MIU IVL \PI\ [\MIU MVOQVM[ ][ML _I\MZ NZWU R][\ []KP water tanks.

About the Author ) ZM\QZML 5;= UI\PMUI\QK[ XZWNM[[WZ *aZWV 5K)TTQ[\MZ IVL PQ[ _QNM 3Ia ^WT]V\MMZ I\ \PM 8QWVMMZ 5][M]U <PMa PI^M X]JTQ[PML [M^MZIT Ua[

References:

\MZa [PWZ\ [\WZQM[ Ua[\MZa WZQMV\ML XWMU[ IVL VW^MT[ QVKT]LQVO ยน=VLMZ

<ZQLMV\ 0Q[\WZa P\\X" \NPQ[\WZa WZO PQ[\WZa<ZQLMV\ P\UT

KW^MZ 6]LQ[\ ยบ NWTTW_ML Ja Q\[ XZMY]MT ยน:]VI_Ia 6]LQ[\ ยบ IVL ยน<W 3QTT I 6]LQ[\ ยบ <W TMIZV UWZM IJW]\ \PM 5K)TTQ[\MZ[ IVL \PMQZ _ZQ\QVO[ ^Q[Q\

8I\ZQKS .QVVMOIV ยน<PM 4QUM[\WVM 5IVยบ XIZ\ WN I [MZQM[

\PMQZ _MJ[Q\M ___ UWV\IVIUa[\MZQM[ KWU

KITTML *MNWZM 5a <QUM ZMXZWL]KML WV TQVM I\ P\\X" \NPQ[tory.org/pdfs/BMTMorrison.pdf 8IU 6M_JMZV ยน,MKIaQVO JQV[ UIZS WTL KMUMV\ XTIV\ ยบ 0QOP +W]V\Za 1VLMXMVLMV\ 8ZM[[ 2]VM ! ! KTQXXQVO QV 4WOIV ร TM I\ 8QWVMMZ 5][M]U *WbMUIV 5< )TTIV 2WPV 5WZZQ[WV 4M\\MZ \W 8M\M 5WZZQ[WV WV [\I\QWVMZa WN *MI^MZLMTT ?MTTQVO\WV ;aVLQKI\M 4\L NZWU *MI^MZLMTT * + 7V 5Ia ! QV ร TM[ I\ 2MNNMZ[WV >ITTMa 5][M]U Whitehall, MT. 8M\MZ , 5WZZQ[WV ยน8M\MZ , 5WZZQ[WVยผ[ [\WZa WN ,IVQMT ) , ) 5WZZQ[WV IVL \PM 5WZZQ[WV +I^M ยบ \ZIV[KZQX\ WN I \IXM UILM 5Ia ! ! QV ร TM[ I\ 2MNNMZ[WV >ITTMa 5][M]U Whitehall, MT. โ Block and Brick Plant of the Montana Concrete Company,โ in Headwaters Heritage History, Three Historical ;WKQM\a ! X ! +WV^MZ[I\QWV _Q\P :Wa 5QTTMOIV +]ZI\WZ WN \PM 2MNNMZ[WV >ITTMa 5][M]U ?PQ\MPITT 5< )]O][\

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

The Manhattan Malting Company &'8'.12'4 1( 6*' )#..#6+0 8#..'; $; ( 4 # 0%+5 0+8'0

-- GHS Photo

+0641&7%6+10

MT[M QV \PM _WZTL .WTTW_QVO XTIV[ \PMa KWVKMQ^ML I\ \PI\ \QUM

As for the rapid early development of farming in the

! WZ JMNWZM \PM[M OMV\TMUMV _PW Âš_MZM _MTT SVW_V NZWU

/ITTI\QV >ITTMa Q\ [MMU[ \W UM \PI\ \PMZM _MZM \PZMM UIQV NIK-

ocean to ocean and of means to carry out such plans. . .â&#x20AC;?

\WZ[ Âˇ \PM Ă&#x2026;Z[\ JMQVO \PM UIVa ^MZa KIXIJTM IVL XZWOZM[[Q^M

formed the Manhattan Malting Company.

UMV _PW Ă&#x2026;Z[\ [M\\TML \PM ^ITTMa <PM [MKWVL NIK\WZ _I[ \PM KWUQVO WN \PM 6WZ\PMZV 8IKQĂ&#x2026;K :IQTZWIL QV

<PM \PQZL

Henry Altenbrand, Sr., their president, was a wealthy 6M_ AWZS +Q\a UIT[\MZ )VW\PMZ [\WKSPWTLMZ 2IKWJ :]XMZ\

factor, and the one we are most interested in, had to do with

owned the largest brewery in the world. The father of their

the establishment of the Manhattan Malting Company in

UIVIOMZ /MWZOM 3QVSMT W_VML \PM 6M_ AWZS AIVSMM JI[M-

! _Q\P \PM QV\MV\QWV WN XZWL]KQVO UIT\ NZWU JIZTMa

ball team. The other stockholders were also men of means.

grown in the valley. It was they who conceived the idea of

creating the Holland Settlement as a source of the barley

KPI[ML IKZM[ WN TIVL ILRIKMV\ \W 5WZMTIVL VW_ 5IV-

they would need.

PI\\IV IVL I[ NI[\ I[ XW[[QJTM XTIKML \PM TIVL ]VLMZ K]T\Q^I-

;WUM\QUM IZW]VL

! WZ M^MV JMNWZM \PQ[ OZW]X

WN MV\MZXZQ[QVO IVL _MIT\Pa 6M_ AWZS UIT\[\MZ[ IVL JZM_MZ[

7VKM \PMQZ XTIV[ _MZM [M\ \PMa QUUMLQI\MTa X]Z-

tion for the production of barley to be processed in their new facility as soon as construction was completed.

TMIZVML WN \PM []ZXZQ[QVOTa ^MZa Ă&#x2026;VM Y]ITQ\a IVL PQOP aQMTL[

At about this same time, and with the same board of

of crops produced on the very fertile soils of the valley. The

directors, the West Gallatin Irrigation Company was incorpo-

barley produced locally was of a grade unknown anywhere

ZI\ML \W KWV[\Z]K\ \PM 0QOP 4QVM +IVIT NZWU \PM ?M[\ /ITTI-

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

\QV \W QZZQOI\M I KWV[QLMZIJTM XWZ\QWV WN \PM IKZM[ WN

QV^M[\WZ[ \_W WN _PWU _MZM 5Z 5WZMTIVL IVL ? , .TW_-

TIVL X]ZKPI[ML NZWU \PM 6WZ\PMZV 8IKQÃ&#x2026;K :IQTZWIL WZ W_VML

MZ[ ?QTJMZ . ;IVLMZ[ WN 0MTMVI _PW _I[ _MTT SVW_V QV

Ja \PM .MLMZIT /W^MZVUMV\ IVL WXMV \W PWUM[\MILQVO

Montana history, was also a stockholder. Six or seven other

As this land was sold, or taken up by homesteaders, the new owners were encouraged to contract for the sale of

farms near Manhattan were also purchased, making a total of VMIZTa IKZM[ In addition to the large numbers of horse-drawn

their barley to the malting company. 1V ! \PM KWV[\Z]K\QWV WN \PM ?M[\ /ITTI\QV WZ

NIZUQVO MY]QXUMV\ \PMa IT[W X]ZKPI[ML I PWZ[M XW_MZ

0QOP 4QVM +IVIT KWUUMVKML 6I\Q^M XZIQZQM _I[ XTW_ML

Â¹2IKWJ 8ZQKM 4IVL 4WKWUW\Q^M Âº IVL I \_MT^M JW\\WU OIVO

XZMXIZI\WZa NWZ XTIV\QVO \PM Ã&#x2026;Z[\ KZWX WN JIZTMa QV ! IVL

plow that turned over a strip of sod twelve feet wide. The

\PM TIZOM ZIVKP J]QTLQVO[ I\ \PMQZ 6]UJMZ 7VM :IVKP [W]\P

*WbMUIV ?MMSTa +PZWVQKTM ZMXWZ\ML ,MKMUJMZ ! "

of Manhattan were constructed. The building of a large NZIUM PW\MT ILRIKMV\ \W \PM UIT\QVO XTIV\ TWKI\QWV _I[ ]VLMZ-

<PM UIOVQÃ&#x2026;KMV\ UIKPQVM _PQKP KIV NIQZTa JM ZMOIZLML I[ \PM SQVO WN ITT

\ISMV \W IKKWUUWLI\M MUXTWaMM[ [\WKSPWTLMZ[ NZWU 6M_

NIZUQVO MY]QXUMV\ IZZQ^ML I\ \PM ZIVKP TI[\ 5Ia IVL _I[ QUUMLQI\MTa

York, and the general public.

X]\ \W _WZS XTW_QVO ,]ZQVO \PM MV\QZM []UUMZ KTMIZ ]X \W \PM [M\\QVO

QV WN KWTL _MI\PMZ QV 6W^MUJMZ Q\ KWV\QV]ML Q\[ [\MILa UIZKP JIKS IVL

<PM Ã&#x2026;Z[\ [\WZIOM MTM^I\WZ [\IZ\ML QV ! IVL KWU-

XTM\ML QV ! PIL I KIXIKQ\a NWZ J][PMT[ WN OZIQV

NWZ\P IKZW[[ \PM JZWIL JW[WU WN \PM ^ITTMa .ZWU MIZTa LI_V \QTT LIZS Q\[

The malting plant, constructed of large granite blocks quar-

[UWSM KW]TL JM [MMV I[KMVLQVO QV\W \PM KTMIZ UW]V\IQV IQZ IVL UIZSQVO

ZQML VMIZ *]\\M _I[ KWUXTM\ML QV ! 1\ KWV\IQVML [\WZIOM

Q\[ KW]Z[M# IVL P]VLZML[ WN IKZM[ WN ^QZOQV [WQT _MZM ]X\]ZVML UWV\PTa QV

NWZ IVW\PMZ J][PMT[ WN JIZTMa 1V ! I \PQZL MTM^I-

Q\[ [PQVQVO [PIZM[ *IVL[ WN KWaW\M[ NWTTW_ML Q\ I\ I ZM[XMK\N]T LQ[\IVKM

\WZ _I[ ILLML _Q\P \PM KIXIKQ\a NWZ [\WZQVO J][PMT[

\W NMML ]XWV \PM NWWL \PI\ _I[ LQ[KTW[ML \W \PMU Ja \PM NZM[PTa \]ZVML

of wheat.

N]ZZW_[ IVL OZW]X[ WN IV\MTWXM OIbML I\ Q\ QV \QUQL K]ZQW[Q\a IVL _WVLMZ

NZWU \PM LQ[\IVKM PQTT\WX[ 6QVM\MMV\P KMV\]Za UIKPQVMZa _I[ NIKM \W NIKM

.ZWU \PM ^MZa JMOQVVQVO \PMQZ UIT\ _I[ WN []XMZJ

quality and soon found favor the world over, even with

_Q\P \PM LMVQbMV[ WN XZQUM^IT VI\]ZM WVM I \ZQJM WN _PQKP _Q\P KPIZIK

breweries in Germany. Malt and barley grain were soon be-

\MZQ[\QK K]VVQVO IVL QUX]LMVKM [W]OP\ \W XZWÃ&#x2026;\ Ja Q\[ WXMZI\QWV _PQTM \PM other retired into the still more distant foothills.

QVO [PQXXML Ja \ZIQV IVL JWI\ TWIL[ \W -]ZWXM )][\ZITQI

<PM MVOQVM VM^MZ [\WXXML XTW_QVO L]ZQVO \PM MV\QZM []UUMZ WVTa TWVO

2IXIV M\K

MVW]OP \W LW \PM KWUXIVaÂ¼[ \PZM[PQVO IVL \PM IUW]V\ WN XTW_QVO

6MMLTM[[ \W [Ia MVWZUW][ Y]IV\Q\QM[ WN \PM TWKITTa

grown, large, plump, bright colored barley produced on their

Ja Q\ Z]V[ QV\W \PW][IVL[ WN IKZM[ .WZ\a IKZM[ _I[ VW\ IV ]V][]IT

own farm or by Hollanders and other early farmers were dis-

dayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work for it.

XW[ML WN 1V ! ITWVM \PM KWUXIVa ][ML IJW]\ XW]VL[ WN JIZTMa \W UISM UIT\ IVL [WTL IVW\PMZ

pounds to others.

IKZM[ QV ! J]\ \PM IK\]IT IKZM[ [MMLML ITT Ja PWZ[M XW_MZ

The malting operation was very successful until the

<PM KWUXIVa PIL QV\MVLML \W XTIV\ IJW]\

_I[ [WUM\PQVO IZW]VL <PQ[ Ã&#x2026;Z[\ KZWX KWV[Q[\ML WN

coming of prohibition began to cut into their market. When

IJW]\ IKZM[ WN JIZTMa \PI\ aQMTLML IJW]\ \PQZ\a J][PMT[

1LIPW 7ZMOWV IVL ?I[PQVO\WV Â¹_MV\ LZaÂº QV ! U]KP

per acre, and one hundred acres of oats for horse feed that

WN \PMQZ UIZSM\ _I[ TW[\ 1\ Q[VÂ¼\ SVW_V R][\ _PMV \PM XTIV\

yielded forty bushels per acre. In addition, they also put up

closed down for good, but it was sometime before prohibition

IJW]\ \WV[ WN VI\Q^M PIa NWZ \PMQZ PWZ[M[ <PI\ NITT \MV

IZZQ^ML QV 5WV\IVI 2IV]IZa ! !

[M^MV NWW\ _QLM ,MMZQVO JQVLMZ[ _MZM ][ML \W JQVL \PM JIZTMa

and oats. This was reported in the Avant Courier as follows:

1V 2IV]IZa ! \PM UIT\QVO KWUXIVa IVVW]VKML

it had purchased the land of the Moreland Ranch Company. <PI\ KWUXIVa _I[ [\IZ\ML QV \PM MIZTa

[ Ja -VOTQ[P

(continued)

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

<PM [QOP\ WN \MV JQVLMZ[ NWTTW_QVO MIKP W\PMZ QV I ÅMTL IVL

NW]Z\MMV UMV [PWKSQVO \PM OZIQV I[ Q\ Q[ K]\ Q[ WVM VW\ [WWV \W JM NWZOW\\MV

\MIU[ ,]ZQVO \PM J][QM[\ [MI[WV[ WN XTIV\QVO IVL PIZ^M[\QVO it has frequently been said that one could stand on top of the

<PMa OW ]X WVM [QLM WN I ÅMTL K]\\QVO I [_I\P [M^MV\a NMM\ _QLM LW_V

XZWUQVMV\ PQTT W^MZTWWSQVO \PM TIZOM OZIQV ÅMTL[ IVL [MM I

\PM W\PMZ [QLM K]\\QVO I [_I\KP WN MY]IT _QL\P IVL I ÅMTL WN WZLQVIZa

runaway in progress most any time during a workday. This

[QbM Q[ [WWV QV [PWKS ) _I\MZ _IOWV Q[ QV \PM ÅMTL KWV[\IV\Ta []XXTa

was probably to be expected, as many of the teams of horses

QVO [WUM\PQVO \W LZQVS \W \PM \PQZ[\a _WZSMZ[ IVL KIZZaQVO M`\ZI ZWTT[ WN

or mules were not very well broken or even very gentle and

UIVQTI JQVLQVO \_QVM NWZ \PM PIZ^M[\MZ[

were being driven by men who were frequently more or less QVKWUXM\MV\ ¹ÆWI\MZ[º IVL WZ ITKWPWTQK[ <PQ[ SMX\ \PM TIZOM

<PM UIKPQVM ][ML NWZ \PZM[PQVO \PI\ aMIZ _I[ I ÅN\a

blacksmith shop busy repairing machinery as well as shoeing

six inch Advance separator with a forty inch cylinder, the

the many teams of horses and mules.

TIZOM[\ [QbM UILM *MNWZM ! OZIQV [MXIZI\WZ[ ZMY]QZML \_W

,]ZQVO \PM ! [ \PM UIT\QVO KWUXIVa IVL \PM

extra men to cut the bands on

/ITTI\QV >ITTMa QV OMVMZIT

the grain bundles or sheaves

were gaining world wide

before hand feeding them into

fame for the excellent

\PM [MXIZI\WZ I LQNÅK]T\ IVL

quality and high yields of

LIVOMZW][ RWJ )T[W \PM[M

the various crops grown

early machines were equipped

here. The valley became

with an endless conveyor in-

SVW_V I[ \PM ¹4Q\\TM -OaX\

stead of a blower to dispose of

of America”. This, in

the straw, thus making for more

turn, encouraged addi-

extra work.

tional farmers to move to the valley.

However, this all

Many large and

KPIVOML QV ! _PMV \PM company acquired two more

beautiful trophies were

smaller steam engines and two

won at irrigation and grain

new equally large separators

expositions throughout the

with conveyor aprons to feed

KW]V\Za 7VM aMIZ IJW]\

the bundles automatically into

! 5Z )T\MVJZIVL

the machine, cut the bands

was awarded a huge silver

and then blow the straw into

cup by the Pabst Brewing

large stacks. That year they

Company of Milwaukee

also used thirty binders and cut

for the best malted barley

about four hundred acres per day. By using the steam plow,

in competition with more than one hundred other entries. All

\PM KWUXIVa _I[ IJTM \W XTIV\ IVL PIZ^M[\ IKZM[ QV

\PM[M ÅVM \ZWXPQM[ _MZM LM[\ZWaML QV I ÅZM _PQTM LQ[XTIaML QV I

! <PMa \PMV QVKZMI[ML XZWL]K\QWV \W IJW]\ IKZM[

J]QTLQVO WV 5IQV ;\ZMM\ QV *WbMUIV The venture of establishing the Manhattan Malt-

that included some alfalfa in their rotation until selling out \PMQZ NIZUQVO WXMZI\QWV[ QV ! The company used about forty men most of the

ing Company, the West Gallatin Irrigation Company that, in turn, was initially responsible for establishing the Holland Set-

\QUM J]\ \PQ[ [_MTTML \W ÅN\a WZ [Q`\a L]ZQVO PIZ^M[\ <PM

tlement and the problems of the very unsuccessful Manhattan

PWZ[M JIZV \PM ÅZ[\ WN _PQKP J]ZVML \W \PM OZW]VL SQTTQVO ITT

Paper Company, all placed a great responsibility and a heavy

\PM PWZ[M[ QV Q\ IKKWUUWLI\ML PWZ[M[ WZ ÅN\a \_W PWZ[M

J]ZLMV JW\P MUW\QWVITTa IVL ÅVIVKQITTa WV 5Z )T\MVJZIVL

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

The malting plant may have been the only real success. The

5Z )T\MVJZIVL XI[[ML I_Ia I\ \PM IOM WN MQOP\a Å^M IJW]\

irrigation company appears to have had many problems from

\PM ÅZ[\ WN 5IZKP ! PI^QVO JMMV [QKS TM[[ \PIV IV PW]Z

the very beginning that were not completely solved until after

<PM :WKSa 5W]V\IQV 6M_[ ZMXWZ\ML"

the company was taken over by the H.S. Buell Company IJW]\ ! <PM XIXMZ UQTT _PQKP 5Z )T\MVJZIVL QV^M[\ML

1V [XMISQVO WN \PM LMI\P WN 5Z )T\MVJZIVL Q\ KIV WVTa JM

in at the start, was a catastrophe from the very beginning.

[IQL \PI\ PQ[ VIUM U][\ [\IVL IUWVO \PM NW]VLMZ[ WN 5IVPI\\IV 0M

While the farming operations were always reported favor-

PI[ XZWJIJTa LQL [QK UWZM \PIV IVa W\PMZ UIV \W_IZL \PM LM^MTWXUMV\ of the Gallatin.

IJTa \PMa _MZM LQ[XW[ML WN QV ! UISQVO WVM _WVLMZ PW_ XZWÅ\IJTM \PMa _MZM 0W_M^MZ Ja \PI\ \QUM \PM 0WTTIVLMZ[

“The sight of ten binders following each other in a ﬁeld and fourteen men shocking the grain as it is cut is not one soon to be forgotten.”

and others were supplying more than enough barley to meet their needs. These burdensome problems are alluded to in the NWTTW_QVO Ja \PM )^IV\ +W]ZQMZ 6W^MUJMZ ! " 5Z )T\MVJZIVL XZM[QLMV\ WN \PM UIT\QVO KWUXIVa IVL \PM ?M[\ /ITTI\QV 1ZZQOI\QWV +WUXIVa PIL ZMKMV\Ta IZZQ^ML NZWU 6M_ AWZS +Q\a IVL NWZ

6*' '56#$.+5*/'06 1( 6*' *1..#0& 5'66.'/'06

the past ten years had “worked most faithfully for the success of these two KWUXIVQM[ IVL \PM LM^MTWXUMV\ IVL J]QTLQVO WN \PM _M[\MZV XIZ\ WN \PM Gallatin Valley. For years, he carried a load that would have crushed UW[\ XMWXTM J]\ PM Q[ VW_ OM\\QVO WV \WX WN \PM [Q\]I\QWV 1\ PI[ JMMV

<PM :M^ )VLZ][ 2 ?WZU[MZ I VI\Q^M WN 0WTTIVL

_Q\P ITUW[\ []XMZ P]UIV MNNWZ\ WV PQ[ XIZ\ \PI\ _QTT VW_ JZQVO NZ]Q\[

but an American-trained minister of the Christian Reformed

in return for all the hard work. He is the founder and father of all the

+P]ZKP JMKIUM I LWUQVIV\ ÅO]ZM QV \PM NW]VLQVO WN \PM

LM^MTWXUMV\[ QV \PM 0WTTIVL ;M\\TMUMV\ IVL \PM PQOP KW]V\Za [W]\P WN

settlement. He had also been trained in the Presbyterian

5IVPI\\IV NM_ QN IVa WN \PW[M XZW[XMZW][ [M\\TMZ[ PI^QVO \PM [UITTM[\

Church and had made several trips to Montana as Super-

KWVKMX\QWV WN _PI\ Q\ PI[ KW[\ PQU QV JZIQV _WZS IVL XPa[QKIT []NNMZQVO

QV\MVLMV\ WN ,WUM[\QK 5Q[[QWV[ NWZ \PM 8ZM[Ja\MZQIV[ 1V

1V \PM LIZSM[\ LIa[ PM VM^MZ OI^M ]X IVL PMTL NI[\ \PW]OP PM WVTa PIL I

addition, he also envisioned a new colony of Hollanders at

[PILW_ \W KTQVO \W 8MZ[WVITTa PM PI[ JMMV \PM TW[MZ \PM XMZ[WV UISQVO

IJW]\ \PM [IUM \QUM \PM /ITTI\QV >ITTMa 1ZZQOI\QWV +WUXIVa

\PM UWVMa JMQVO M^MZa UIV _PW IKY]QZML [WUM WN \PM ÅZ[\ KTI[[ TIVL[

X]ZKPI[ML \PM TIVL NZWU \PM 6WZ\PMZV 8IKQÅK :IQTZWIL

]VLMZ \PM KIVIT VW\ WVM WN _PWU J]\ PI[ UILM UWVMa \PM XI[\ [MI[WV JMQVO \PM ^MZa JM[\ WN IVa [QVKM \PM KIVIT _I[ KWV[\Z]K\ML 5Z )T\MVJZIVL PI[ MIZVML \PM \PIVS[ WN M^MZaWVM _PW PI[ JMVMÅ\ML Ja PQ[ PIZL _WZS QV \PM QV\MZM[\[ WN \PW[M \_W QVL][\ZQM[ IVL _MTT LM[MZ^M[ \PM M`Y]Q[Q\M XTMI[]ZM PM VW_ \ISM[ QV [MMQVO PQ[ W_V [PQX[ [IQTQVO _Q\P \PM XWTIZ [\IZ WN J][QVM[[ · LMIL IPMIL

)XXIZMV\Ta [PWZ\Ta IN\MZ I 2]VM ^Q[Q\ \W \PM /ITTI\QV

>ITTMa QV ! PM ZMIKPML IV IOZMMUMV\ _Q\P \PM KWUXIVa \W promote the bringing of settlers from Holland and Michigan QV !

0W_M^MZ ?U *ZWMSMUI _I[ \PM ÅZ[\ 0WTTIVLMZ

\W IZZQ^M LQZMK\Ta NZWU \PM 7TL +W]V\Za WV PQ[ W_V QV ! without Mr. Wormer’s assistance. He worked that winter for

In addition to his several Montana interests, Mr.

2 2 5K3Ia¼[ PIZL_IZM [\WZM QV *WbMUIV IVL IT[W ÅTML WV I

Altenbrand continued to maintain his home and business in

homestead that would eventually be irrigated by water fur-

6M_ AWZS +Q\a 0M PW_M^MZ UILM I\ TMI[\ \PZMM TWVO \QUM

VQ[PML Ja \PM QZZQOI\QWV KWUXIVa 0M _I[ \PMZMNWZM \PM ÅZ[\

consuming trips to Montana each year. These required three

Hollander to acquire land in what was to become the Holland

days and three nights each way on the slow uncomfortable

Settlement.

trains, not the least of which would have been the dust and

cinders in one’s eyes from the coal-burning locomotives.

\PM ÅZ[\ \W IZZQ^M NZWU 0WTTIVL I[[Q[\ML Ja \PM :M^ ?WZU[MZ

1V \PM [XZQVO WN ! 8M\MZ )TJMZLI IVL W\PMZ[ _MZM (continued)

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

They were followed that fall by another group, among whom

canal system contained many “bugs” that had to be worked out

_MZM 8 8 0 *W[ IVL 2 : 3QUU <PM[M XMWXTM _MZM \PMV NWT-

after water became available, problems that took years to correct.

lowed by increasing numbers year after year.

new farmers gained more knowledge, their crops improved and

<PM NIUQTa WN 2IV <M;MTTM IT[W IZZQ^ML QV ! IN\MZ

4I\MZ I[ \PM QZZQOI\QWV XZWJTMU[ _MZM [WT^ML IVL I[ \PM

having previously lived in Cedar Grove, Wisconsin and Sioux

became abundant, the way we see the farms today. The Hol-

City, Iowa. Having had previous experience in America, they

land Settlement is now one of the most select farming areas to be

were a great help to many of the newcomers direct from Hol-

found any place and an important contributor to the welfare and

land. Mrs. TeSelle was also well known for her kindness and

XZW[XMZQ\a WN \PM MV\QZM /ITTI\QV >ITTMa \PIVS[ \W 5Z )T\MVJZIVL

assistance during periods of sickness, etc., and this, in turn,

IVL PQ[ I[[WKQI\M[ ITT UMV WN ^Q[QWV QV \PM MIZTa ! [

led to her early death from scarlet fever contracted while helpQVO \ISM KIZM WN I VMQOPJWZ¼[ Å^M KPQTLZMV _PW IT[W LQML NZWU the disease.

6MMLTM[[ \W [Ia XZWJTMU[ WN \PM VM_KWUMZ[ _MZM

UIVa =VIJTM \W [XMIS WZ ]VLMZ[\IVL -VOTQ[P ]VIKK][\WUML \W )UMZQKIV _Ia[ WZ \PM UM\PWL[ WN NIZUQVO ]VLMZ ÅVIVKML having to break out native sod and level it for irrigation, combat grasshopper infestations, experience frequent inadequate water supplies, inferior housing, etc., made their lives very difÅK]T\ IVL UIVa _W]TL PI^M OTILTa ZM\]ZVML \W 0WTTIVL QN \PMa KW]TL PI^M ÅVIVKML \PM \ZQX

About the Author <PM TI\M .ZIVKQ[ 6Q^MV _I[ I OMVMZW][ KWV\ZQJ]\WZ \W \PM MNNWZ\[ WN \PM /ITTI\QV 0Q[\WZQKIT ;WKQM\a )N\MZ PM ZM\QZML I[ +W]V\a -`\MV[QWV )OMV\ IVL UMUJMZ WN \PM *WbMUIV ?QV\MZ .IQZ *WIZL PM spent much of his time researching and writing about the history of Gallatin County, particularly the Manhattan area. In addi\QWV \W _ZQ\QVO I PQ[\WZa WN \PM 5WV\IVI ?QV\MZ .IQZ PM¼[ IT[W \PM I]\PWZ WN 5IVPI\\IV 7UVQJ][

.WZ\]VI\MTa NWZ \PMU PW_M^MZ \_W MIZTQMZ [M\\TMZ[

came to their assistance. Henry Heeb, who arrived in the valley in IVL 5I\\ 6QMJMT PQU[MTN I VI\Q^M WN /MZUIVa JMNZQMVLML many new residents by lending them money, selling them horses, machinery, feed, etc., without security. When they were able, the Hollanders never failed to settle their accounts. Another valuable [W]ZKM WN ÅVIVKQVO _I[ XZW^QLML Ja \PM 6WZ\P )UMZQKIV 5WZ\OIOM +WUXIVa _Q\P UWVMa JMTWVOQVO \W \PM *IVS WN \PM 6M\PMZTIVL[ <PMQZ UIVIOMZ _I[ 2WPV .IJZQKS I VI\Q^M WN 0WTTIVL

<PM TIVL X]ZKPI[ML NZWU \PM QZZQOI\QWV KWUXIVa KW[\ ÅN-

teen dollars per acre and was paid for on a “rental basis”, meaning that the farmer probably paid a share or percentage of each crop. =VNWZ\]VI\MTa UIVa WN \PM MIZTa [M\\TMZ[ NZWU 0WTTIVL X]ZKPI[ML land in the very hilly region a few miles south of Churchill. In after years, some felt that the real estate agents had cheated them by taking advantage of their being novices to irrigated farming by selling \PMU TIVL \PI\ _I[ ^MZa LQNÅK]T\ \W QZZQOI\M [I\Q[NIK\WZQTa 0W_M^MZ this land was the closest to the main canal and may have been the ÅZ[\ \W PI^M TI\MZIT LQ\KPM[ PMIL OI\M[ M\K KWV[\Z]K\ML \W KWV^Ma water to where it was used. This could have had something to do with their making the selections that they did. In addition, the new

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

Pioneer Museum Image Gallery

From our archives, here are some samples of locals enjoying Fall activities in Southwest Montana:

harvesting, hunting and football.

Harvesters take a break near Springhill, 1908 (Charles Kinsey photo);

Hunting party gathers in Manhattan in 1906 (GHS photo).

The Gallatin Historical Society Research Center has more than 16,000 historical photographs of this area. Reproductions are available. Stop by and visit! Anonymous Gallatin Valley Football Player, ca 1903 (Albert Schlechten photo)

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

In their own words... 5

'6* $ 1*#46

Seth Bohart _I[ I XZWUQVMV\ *WbMUIV TI_aMZ _PW served several terms as Gallatin County Attorney. He was the [WV WN :QKPIZL IVL -NÅM *WPIZ\ ;M\P OZIL]I\ML NZWU ?QT[ITT 0QOP ;KPWWT QV ! IVL I\\MVLML 5WV\IVI ;\I\M +WTTMOM NWZ \_W aMIZ[ 0M _I[ ILUQ\\ML \W \PM JIZ QV ! ,]ZQVO ?WZTL ?IZ 11 PM [MZ^ML QV \PM = ; )ZUa 1V\MTTQOMVKM +WZX[ ;M\P UIZZQML >I^MVM +TMUMV\[ QV ! IVL \PMa ZIQ[ML I [WV ,I^QL <_W aMIZ[ JMNWZM PQ[ LMI\P QV ! ;M\P *WPIZ\ _I[ QV\MZ^QM_ML Ja 4MM +WWXMZ WN \PM /ITTI\QV +W]V\a *Q +MV\MVVQIT 8ZWRMK\ WV 7ZIT 0Q[\WZa Cooper: Mr. Bohart, when and why did the Bohart family came to Montana? *WPIZ\" 5a OZIVLNI\PMZ KIUM \W 5WV\IVI IVL QV .MJZ]IZa WN PM JW]OP\ \PM ZIVKP R][\ VWZ\P WN \PM ;\WZa 5QTT approximately two or three miles, which has been owned by my father and one of his brothers, and now by the daughter of the last brother, whose name is Catherine McIlhattan. Cooper: When and where were you born? Bohart: I was born in a log cabin on this same ranch, September ! *]\ \PI\ KIJQV J]ZV\ LW_V [PWZ\Ta IN\MZ_IZL[ IVL the present house, now, is the one that was built by my father, to replace it.

Seth Bohart, ca 1940 -Maggie Heisick, donor.

Cooper: How many people were there in your family? *WPIZ\" ?MTT \PMZM _MZM Å^M KPQTLZMV IVL \PM NI\PMZ IVL UW\PMZ IVL ][]ITTa I\ TMI[\ WVM PQZML UIV IVL [WUM\QUM[ \_W Cooper: Could you describe that area when you were a young boy? Bohart: The closest neighbor was a man by the name of Todd Stevens, who had a large family and he lived about a half mile north of us. The closest neighbor on the other side was perhaps a mile and a half south, which was the Williams family, and they TQ^ML ^MZa VMIZ _PI\ Q[ SVW_V I[ \PM ;\WZa 5QTT ;KPWWT _PMZM 1 ÅZ[\ _MV\ \W [KPWWT Cooper: You told me once about Indians coming through that area. *WPIZ\" 1 _I[ IJW]\ Å^M WZ [Q` aMIZ[ WTL IVL I TIZOM OZW]X WN 1VLQIV[ KIUM \PZW]OP \PM KW]V\Za IVL KIUXML VMIZ W]Z PW][M WV \PM

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

ZIVKP 6W_ QV \PW[M LIa[ \PM ZWIL[ _MZM VW\ ITT NMVKML ]X \QOP\ TQSM \PMa IZM VW_ <PM[M 1VLQIV[ I[ 1 PI^M JMMV QVNWZUML _MZM KWUQVO NZWU \PM .TI\PMIL ZM[MZÎ\QWV \W OW LW_V IVL ^Q[Q\ [WUM WN \PMQZ NZQMVL[ WZ NIUQTQM[ WV \PM AMTTW_[\WVM )VL \PMa KIUXML overnight there, and as a kid, the next morning I went out to explore the campground. And when I came back, my mother discovered me scratching my chest. She opened up my shirt and said, “Get your clothes off and get in that tub,” because I had gotten lousy as a pet coon from playing on their campground. Cooper: Do you ever remember the Sweet Pea festivals in Bozeman? *WPIZ\" 1 IVL Ua [Q[\MZ LZW^M Ua [XW\\ML OWI\ QV \PM ÅZ[\ ;_MM\ 8MI +IZVQÎT QV *WbMUIV ?M PIL I TQ\\TM NW]Z _PMMT _IOWV IVL 1 have a photograph of it with us sitting in it, and bouquets of sweet peas were tied on the goat’s harness and on the top of her little umbrella, and I believe on the wagon. Cooper: When did your family move to the ranch out at Sedan? *WPIZ\" 1 \PQVS Q\ _I[ IJW]\ ! <PQ[ TIVL _I[ UW[\Ta XZQUQ\Q^M 1\ _I[ [\QTT OZW_QVO \PM WTL VI\]ZIT [IOMJZ][P IVL _M JZWSM ]X \PM TIVL Ja XTW_QVO W]\ \PM [IOMJZ][P <PMV \PMZM _I[ \PM JQO RWJ WN J]ZVQVO Q\ JMKI][M \PMZM¼[ VW _Ia MT[M \W OM\ ZQL WN Q\ )VL _M PIL KI\\TM _M PIL [PMMX _M PIL PWZ[M[ IVL WVM aMIZ _M JZWSM \_MV\a Å^M PMIL WN U]TM[ 1 PI^M I XPW\WOZIXP VW_ WN [Q`\MMV of them hooked on a big gang plow, which was the only vehicle that they were ever hooked to that they couldn’t run away with. Cooper: Could you describe the ranch house itself, how it was set up, how your mother did things? Bohart: The original ranch house was very old and rather dilapidated, and within a couple of years after we got there, we, or my father, went up Bridger to a saw mill, and had them saw logs on three sides. And we built a two-story house out of these sawed logs, which was approximately, I’d say, about thirty by sixty feet. The dining room was in the center of the house, the full length of it being crosswise of the house. And then bedrooms and kitchen and other quarters were on each side of it. Cooper: Would you describe the school that you went to in Sedan? Bohart: The school was a one-room country school, heated by a one-room heater, which burned wood, or if they had coal IÎQTIJTM \PMa J]ZVML KWIT <PM \MIKPMZ \I]OP\ ITT KTI[[M[ NZWU ÅZ[\ \W MQOP\P OZILM IVL 1 ZMKITT WVM WKKI[QWV XIZ\QK]TIZTa _PMV _M PIL I UIV \MIKPMZ ?PMV PM ÅZ[\ IZZQ^ML PM KITTML \PM [KPWWT \W I\\MV\QWV IVL PM \WTL \PMU I [\WZa IJW]\ _PMV XMWXTM OW\ sick they had to have medicine to cure them. He said that when youngsters got disorderly, they had to be cured. So he reached around into his hip pocket and brought out a sewing machine belt and he said, “This is medicine for curing that trouble.” He didn’t have any trouble. Cooper: Would you take your lunches in pails? Bohart: Indeed, in little tin buckets and sometimes it wasn’t unusual for kids to trade sandwiches or bites of something they had for something somebody else had. Cooper: What would people do for a social life in the Sedan community? Bohart: They had basket socials. I recall that some of them would give recitations and speak pieces. Also, they had dances at different folks’ homes, and usually, if you rode several miles, the dance lasted all night and you had cake and coffee and you rode home in the morning light.

(continued)

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

Cooper: What kind of dances would people do? *WPIZ\" AW] KIV [\IZ\ _Q\P \PM WVM [\MX \PM \_W [\MX \PM \PZMM [\MX \PM _IT\b IVL \PMV \PM ;KPW\\Q[KPM IVL \PM 9]ILZQTTM[ ^IZQW][ OZW]X LIVKM[ <PM U][QK ][]ITTa _I[ I ^QWTQV IVL XQIVW WZ QN \PMa PIL [WUMWVM _PW KW]TL XTIa I JIVRW NWZ IKKWUXIVQUMV\ Cooper: How did you socialize with girls? *WPIZ\" 7VKM I JIKPMTWZ KIUM \W W]Z PW][M _Q\P PQ[ \MIU IVL J]OOa \W \ISM W]Z [KPWWT\MIKPMZ \W \PM JI[SM\ [WKQIT <PM schoolteacher lived at different people’s homes, and during this particular occasion, she was living at our house. And he had a very nice buggy, a fairly new buggy, and of course he drove in to the ranch and tied the team to the edge of the grove to wait for her to get ready to go. The hired man and I didn’t have enough to do and we went outside, and at his suggestion, we moved the front wheels and the rear wheels and reversed them, so the front wheels of the buggy were in the rear, and behind wheels in front. And of course, when he came out to leave for the social, he didn’t have time to do this all over, so they drove to the social with their buggy tilted a little back. Cooper: You told me once about horse thieves up in that area and that you’d seen evidence of them there. *WPIZ\" ?PMV 1 _I[ IJW]\ [Q`\MMV aMIZ[ WTL Ua NI\PMZ PIL JW]OP\ \PI\ XIZ\QK]TIZ aMIZ NW]Z P]VLZML PMIL WN aMIZ WTL 5M`QKIV [\MMZ[ 1 _I[ PMZLQVO \PMU WV \PM WXMV ZIVOM WV -TS :QLOM _PQKP Q[ VWZ\P WN \PM ;MLIV IZMI 1 _I[ ZQLQVO QV I LZa O]TKP XW[[QJTa I UQTM WZ \_W MI[\ WN \PM .TI\PMIL 8I[[ QV PMI^a TWLOM XWTM XQVM \QUJMZ IVL LQ[KW^MZML I ZW]VL KWZZIT _PQKP _I[ [M^MZIT UQTM[ NZWU any habitation. I couldn’t understand at that time what the reason for it was. But I later learned that it had been built as a holding XMV NWZ PWZ[M \PQM^M[ _PW _MZM UW^QVO [\WTMV PWZ[M[ NZWU /ITTI\QV >ITTMa ]X \W_IZL \PM +IVILQIV JWZLMZ _PMZM \PMa \WWS \PMU to sell. I understand after they sold American horses in Canada, they stole the king’s horses and they brought them back to sell to people in Montana. Cooper: What would happen to horse thieves when they were caught? Bohart: Well if the owners or their friends were able to catch the horse thieves, the procedure was standard: if there were any trees IJW]\ \PMa _W]TL PIVO \PMU NZWU \PM \ZMM[ <PMZM _I[ IV QV[\IVKM QV \PM /ITTI\QV >ITTMa _PMZM I UIV _PW PIL VW\PQVO \W LW with stealing any horses happened to be out in the northern end of the valley. I believe he was getting cedar fence posts at the time IVL _I[ LQ[KW^MZML Ja UMV \PI\ _MZM P]V\QVO NWZ PWZ[M \PQM^M[ <PMa LQL VW\ XIZ\QK]TIZTa JMTQM^M PQU I\ ÅZ[\ \PI\ PM PIL VW\PQVO \W LW _Q\P [\MITQVO IVa PWZ[M[ <PMa _MZM IJW]\ \W PIVO PQU ]V\QT ÅVITTa PM _I[ IJTM \W KWV^QVKM \PMU _PW PM _I[ IVL _PMZM PM came from and what his business was. Cooper: What experience did you have with moonshiners? *WPIZ\" 1 _I[ XZWJIJTa IJW]\ [Q`\MMV aMIZ[ WTL IVL WV WVM ;]VLIa \PMZM _I[ c[QKeXZWJIJTa IJW]\ NW]Z WZ Å^M WN ][ ZQLQVO W]Z PWZ[M[ \WOM\PMZ 8MZPIX[ _M _MZM OWQVO \W WZ NZWU WVM WN \PM QUXZWUX\] ZWLMW[ 7VM WN \PM WTLMZ NMTTW_[ X]TTML W]\ I JW\\TM WN UWWV[PQVM IVL \WWS I LZQVS WN Q\ IVL XI[[ML Q\ IZW]VL \W \PM W\PMZ[ IVL ÅVITTa Q\ _I[ Ua \]ZV ;QVKM 1 PIL VW\ PIL IVa experience up till then, I tipped the bottle up and started to take a drink like it was water. I immediately choked and gagged while _M _I[ c[QKeZQLQVO I\ I OITTWX I\ \PM UWUMV\ 1 [_MIZ _PMV 1 [\IZ\ML \W KW]OP \PI\ \PM [\]NN QOVQ\ML IVL 1 _I[ JTW_QVO ÅZM JM\_MMV my horse’s ears. Cooper: Where were the stills located? Bohart: There were several different locations. There existed one on my place where the Bridger Creek goes under my west boundary fence. And although it was only a couple hundred yards from the Bridger Road, the area then was completely covered

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with dense, heavy growth of lodge pole pine. So it could not be seen or noticed from the road. Shortly after I became county attorney, we had an incident on Stone Creek, which would be east of Bridger Canyon Road. There were two moonshiners living in a cabin in the wintertime, and they got in an argument over a picture of a female on a calendar, and one of them shot the other _Q\P I QV \PM TMO )\ \PI\ \QUM 1 _I[ PI^QVO I TQ\\TM ^IKI\QWV I[ I ZM[]T\ WN I JZWSMV TMO IVL /MVM *]VSMZ _I[ Ua LMX]\a 0M and the sheriffs went up to investigate the affair and the premises. They found about thirty-two barrels of mash in the cabin, and I KMZ\IQV IUW]V\ WN UWWV[PQVM WZ _PQ[SMa *]VSMZ _MV\ \W \PM PW[XQ\IT \W OM\ \PM [\WZa WN \PM UIV \PI\ _I[ QVR]ZML WZ [PW\ IVL then attempt to obtain a dying declaration in the event that he did die, so that we could successfully prosecute the other man. But he was of such a character he would not admit that there was any possibility of his dying, and instead he said he would take care of \PI\ [W IVL [W _PMV PM OW\ W]\ *]\ PM LQML I[ I ZM[]T\ WN \PM QVR]Za JMNWZM PM M^MZ OW\ W]\ WN \PM PW[XQ\IT IVL \PMZM _I[ WN KW]Z[M no chance to successfully prosecute the other bootlegger. Cooper: What would a day consist of on the ranch? *WPIZ\" ?MTT Ua LIa [\IZ\ML IJW]\ " WZ " I U JMKI][M \PM U]TM[ _MZM \]ZVML W]\ \W XI[\]ZM I\ VQOP\ <PMa _MZM VW\ SMX\ QV and fed hay. I had to take a saddle horse and have a roundup every morning to get them in, and get them fed, harnessed in time \W OW \W _WZS ?M ][]ITTa _MZM QV \PM Ã&#x2026;MTL Ja " WZ " QV \PM UWZVQVO IVL Q\ _I[VÂ¼\ ]V][]IT \W _WZS ]V\QT I\ TMI[\ " QV \PM evening. And then of course you came in and you had to feed them, and un-harness them, and take care of them. We always gave them grain twice a day, and then you had cows and pigs and poultry and other things to feed and take care of, besides gathering _WWL WZ W\PMZ N]MT NWZ \PM Ã&#x2026;ZM[ <PMZM _MZM VW OI[ WZ MTMK\ZQK [\W^M[ QV \PW[M LIa[ (continued)

Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

Cooper: When would you eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner? *WPIZ\" ?MTT JZMISNI[\ _W]TL XMZPIX[ JM IJW]\ " QV \PM UWZVQVO 4]VKP WZ LQVVMZ I[ _M KITTML Q\ _I[ IT_Ia[ I\ VWWV WZ JM\_MMV \PM PW]Z[ WN " IVL " IVL []XXMZ _W]TL XZWJIJTa JM IZW]VL " WZ VW\ TI\MZ \PIV " Cooper: Will you tell me now where that sawmill was located? *WPIZ\" <PQ[ [I_UQTT _I[ Z]V Ja I UIV Ja \PM VIUM WN /MWZOM *ZW_V )VL I\ \PI\ \QUM Q\ _I[ TWKI\ML WV \PM 5QLLTM .WZS WN Brackett Creek, several miles south of the intersection of the Bridger and Brackett Creek/Sedan roads. Cooper: What other kinds of things would those sawmills produce besides the types of logs that were used at your house? *WPIZ\" ?MTT \PMa [I_ML _PI\ _M KITTML LQUMV[QWV T]UJMZ \_W Ja NW]Z[ \_W Ja [Q`M[ IVL W\PMZ [QbM[ I[ _MTT I[ WVM QVKP T]UJMZ *]\ ITT UILM WN MQ\PMZ XQVM WZ ZML Ă&#x2026;Z _PQKP _I[ \PM WVTa [I_ \QUJMZ I^IQTIJTM QV \PQ[ IZMI WZ I\ TMI[\ _WWL \PI\ was suitable for lumber. Cooper: Why did your family stop ranching up at Sedan? *WPIZ\" <PM UIQV ZMI[WV _I[ \PM _QV\MZ WN ! IVL Âť ! _PQKP JZWSM XZIK\QKITTa ITT \PM TQ^M[\WKS XMWXTM QV \PM [\I\M WN 5WV\IVI 1V \PM []UUMZ WN ! 1 XMZ[WVITTa [\IKSML [Q` P]VLZML \WV WN PIa WV W]Z ZIVKP IVL WN KW]Z[M _M PIL W\PMZ KZWX[ QVKT]LQVO OZIQV ?M PIL IJW]\ \_W P]VLZML PMIL WN KI\\TM \PI\ _MZM _WZ\P IJW]\ I PMIL I\ \PI\ \QUM# \_W \PW][IVL [PMMX \PI\ _MZM _WZ\P IJW]\ I PMIL# IVL \PM _WWT \PI\ aMIZ PIL JMMV KMV\[ I XW]VL _PQKP _I[ I ^MZa PQOP XZQKM QV \PW[M LIa[ 1\ [\IZ\ML [VW_QVO QV ;MX\MUJMZ IVL Q\ VM^MZ [\WXXML [VW_QVO ]V\QT 5Ia WN \PM VM`\ aMIZ 1V .MJZ]IZa _M _MZM W]\ WN NMML _PMV _M [PW]TL have been through to grass. And we tried shipping in hay from Minnesota, which is the type of stuff they pack dishes in for [PQXUMV\ IVL Q\ Q[ VW\ Ă&#x2026;\ NWZ TQ^M[\WKS <PMa KW]TLVÂź\ TQ^M WV Q\ ;W _M JW]OP\ OZIQV IVL NML \PMU IVL \PM XZQKM WN PIa \PI\ \aXM WN PIa _I[ I \WV <PI\ NITT 1 \WWS ITT WN \PM KI\\TM [PMMX IVL TIUJ[ IVL KIT^M[ \W +PQKIOW JMKI][M _M _MZM NWZKML \W [MTT \PMU <PM KI\\TM JZW]OP\ I PMIL IVL \PM [PMMX JZW]OP\ I PMIL ;W QV TM[[ \PIV WVM aMIZ Ua NI\PMZ TW[\ 0MÂźL TW[\ I lifetimeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s accumulation of work. And I decided that itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d be a good time to learn something else. I studied and became a lawyer. Cooper: What was the process of studying for the law back then? Bohart: Well I intended to go to the law school and go through a regular law course, and in preparation for that I had gone two aMIZ[ \W 5WV\IVI ;\I\M +WTTMOM 1 IKK]U]TI\ML ! KZMLQ\[ QV \PM \_W aMIZ XMZQWL <PM TI_ [KPWWT ZMY]QZML ! KZMLQ\[ NWZ ZMO]TIZ admission. So I went to Missoula and registered and attended class for almost a week, and the president called me in and said, â&#x20AC;&#x153;You canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t attend the law school as a regular student, because you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have enough credits.â&#x20AC;? And I said, â&#x20AC;&#x153;How come? I have ! KZMLQ\[ IVL aW] WVTa ZMY]QZM ! Âş Âš?MTT _M LWVÂź\ ZMKWOVQbM ITT WN \PMU [W aW]ÂźZM OWQVO \W PI^M \W I\\MVL I [MXIZI\M Y]IZ\MZ \W UISM ]X Ă&#x2026;^M ILLQ\QWVIT KZMLQ\[ Âş 1 \PW]OP\ \PQ[ _I[ ]VNIQZ IVL ]VR][\ IVL 1 \WTL \PM XZM[QLMV\ _PI\ 1 \PW]OP\ PM KW]TL LW _Q\P his law school, and I left and studied individually, or separately, and with the help of practicing attorneys, and took the state bar examination later. And because I was able to pass the bar, they granted me a license, and I have been in the practice now for [WUM\PQVO W^MZ Ă&#x2026;N\a aMIZ[ Cooper: What work did you do to support yourself while you were studying for the law? Bohart: Well, I did everything. I bought and sold cattle and horses. I worked in a garage for a time, got an arm broke while I was doing it, and that was one way that I got in quite a bit of extra time studying a law course, because I decided that Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;d have to study as many hours a day as I was working. If I couldnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t work, well then I could study to make up for it. But I found out that eight hours I LIa _I[ R][\ I TQ\\TM JQ\ UWZM \PIV 1 KW]TL PIKS _PMV Q\ KIUM \W [\MILa [\]La [W 1 _W]VL ]X _Q\P I [Q` PW]Z TQUQ\

The Pioneer Museum Quarterly | www.pioneermuseum.org

Cooper: How and when did you become county attorney? *WPIZ\" 1V \PM MTMK\QWV WN ! 1 ZIV NWZ \PM WNÃ&#x2026;KM 1 KIUXIQOVML Ja OWQVO \W M^MZa NIZU IVL OWQVO \W M^MZa J][QVM[[ XTIKM IVL I[SQVO XMWXTM QN \PMa _W]TL ^W\M NWZ UM IVL OI^M \PMU I KIZL IVL []KKMMLML )VL 1 \PQVS Ua Ã&#x2026;Z[\ \MZU WN WNÃ&#x2026;KM _I[ L]ZQVO \PM aMIZ[ Â¼ ! IVL 1 _I[ ZM MTMK\ML NWZ IVW\PMZ \_W aMIZ[ Cooper: How did the Depression affect your work as a lawyer? Bohart: There was very little, if any, money available. In order to survive and have something to eat, you had to take crippled cows or blind horses or ducks or potatoes or anything that they happened to have, and then trade it two or three times to convert it into UWVMa WZ NWWL 1 ZMKITT ^MZa LQ[\QVK\Ta \PI\ QV WVM WN \PM aMIZ[ WN \PM JMOQVVQVO WN \PM ,MXZM[[QWV Ua \W\IT KI[P QVKWUM NWZ \PM MV\QZM aMIZ _I[ )VL \PM [MI\ WN Ua XIV\[ OW\ _WZV [W [UWW\P IVL [TQKS \PI\ 1 \WTL [WUM WN Ua KTQMV\[ \PI\ 1 PIL \W PIVO WV\W the chair to keep from falling out of it. Cooper: What type of cases did you most often have as a lawyer? Bohart: Well I have had a little of everything, civil and criminal. Cooper: Do your clients always tell the whole truth? *WPIZ\" ?MTT TM\Â¼[ X]\ Q\ \PQ[ _Ia 7]\ WN \PM _MIT\P WN M`XMZQMVKM IN\MZ aMIZ[ aW] TMIZV \W ^MZa KIZMN]TTa KPMKS aW]Z KTQMV\Â¼[ [\WZa JMNWZM aW] IKKMX\ PQ[ KI[M WZ JMOQV JMKI][M I\ TMI[\ \PMa [WUM\QUM[ W^MZTWWS \PM UW[\ QUXWZ\IV\ \PQVO[ IVL \PMa W^MZMUXPI[QbM unimportant things. And some of them are plainly inclined to exaggerate to attempt to build a case, whether they have one or not. Cooper: When did you move to your home here, in Bridger Canyon? *WPIZ\" 1 \PQVS IJW]\ ! WZ Â¼ 2IKS -ZI[\][ _I[ \PM [MKWVL UIV \W W_V \PQ[ XIZ\QK]TIZ XQMKM WN XZWXMZ\a 1Â¼^M KPMKSML JIKS QV the abstracts, and he apparently, for part of it, bought the homestead rights of a man who was proving up on the particular portion WN \PM ZIVKP I\ \PI\ \QUM 1 ZMUMUJMZ [MMQVO 5Z -ZI[\][ ITWVO IJW]\ ! 0M _I[ IV WTL UIV _Q\P I VI\]ZITTa _PQ\M JMIZL J]\ PM KPM_ML \WJIKKW IVL \PMZM _I[ I [WZ\ WN I JZW_V [\ZMIS LW_V \PZW]OP PQ[ JMIZL I[ I ZM[]T\ ,]ZQVO \PM ?IZ *M\_MMV \PM ;\I\M[ WZ \PM +Q^QT ?IZ LMXMVLQVO WV _PQKP [QLM aW] _MZM \W ZMNMZ \W Q\ -ZI[\][ _I[ I [XMKQIT UM[[MVOMZ JM\_MMV 8ZM[QLMV\ 4QVKWTV IVL General Grant. He had to travel between the military lines, often by night. Cooper: Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve enjoyed listening to your experiences Mr. Bohart.

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Volume 33 | Number 4 | Autumn, 2010

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PRESERVING OUR HISTORY

Photo credit: Matt Arkins

The Gallatin Historical Society Pioneer Museum is housed in the old county jail building which was built in 1911 and is now on the National Register of Historic Places. Since 1982, the Pioneer Museum has offered a variety of changing exhibits portraying earlier days in the Gallatin Valley.

Show your support Become a Member, Visit or Volunteer 40

Summer Hours: Mon - Sat 10 - 5, Winter Hours: Tue - Sat 11 - 4 Admission: $5, children 12 & under and members: FREE

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